摘要:

The findings of descriptive and analytic neuroepidemiologic investigations carried out in contrasting environments and among populations of different genetic backgrounds have important regional and international implications. The rates derived from one study cannot be applied to other areas of the world. However, through the application of uniform diagnostic criteria and study procedures, results of investigations conducted in widely diverse locales can yield important etiologic clues.

ISSN:0251-5350    

DOI:10.1159/000110517

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A door-to-door survey was carried out in a well-defined population of Beijing to determine the prevalence and incidence of cerebrovascular disease (CVD) among 10,941 individuals. The survey included a complete census, together with a pretested interview and a brief screening examination with a high level of sensitivity for detecting individuals with CVD. All those with responses or findings suggestive of CVD were requested to be examined by a neurologist using defined clinical criteria to establish a diagnosis. There was 100% cooperation with the screening and diagnostic phases of the survey. Based on 130 prevalent cases of completed stroke, the crude and age-adjusted (to the 1960 total US population) point prevalence ratios (per 100,000) are 1,188 and 1,285, respectively. Of these, there were 36 new incidence cases of first completed stroke, yielding crude and age-adjusted incidence rates (per 100,000) of 329 and 370, respectively. The age-specific prevalence ratios and incidence rates of completed stroke rise with age. The majority of completed strokes are clinically diagnosed as cerebral infarction. In summary, CVD represents a major cause of morbidity in this population, with rates among the highest of any area of the world where this disease has been studied.

ISSN:0251-5350    

DOI:10.1159/000110518

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We have analyzed the multiple-cause tabulations for deaths in England and Wales in 1975 provided by the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys, concentrating on hypertensive disease, ischemic heart disease, and cerebrovascular disease. This is the first such analysis to be published. The similarities and differences between the age and sex distributions of these contributing causes of death are noted. The results show that the appearance of hypertensive disease or ischemic heart disease as an underlying cause is principally associated with the presence of other heart diseases and arteriosclerosis as contributing causes. With cerebrovascular disease as an underlying cause, the principal contributory causes are pneumonia, arteriosclerosis, and hypertensive disease.

ISSN:0251-5350    

DOI:10.1159/000110519

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The number of deaths due to and all deaths related to epilepsy in the US, by age, sex, and race for 1971 and 1973 through 1978 were calculated based on data collected by the US National Center for Health Statistics. The average annual age-adjusted rates (adjusted to 1970 US population) for all deaths related to epilepsy (i.e., with epilepsy as the underlying, immediate, associated, or contributory cause of death) are more than double the corresponding rates for deaths due to epilepsy (i.e., with epilepsy as the underlying cause of death). Rates for patients dying due to epilepsy remain relatively unchanged with age; but for all deaths related to epilepsy, rates increase with advancing age. For deaths due to and all deaths related to epilepsy, rates for either sex are higher in nonwhites; and for either race, are higher for males. The leading registered causes of death for those in whom death is related to epilepsy are: epilepsy, status epilepticus, heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and respiratory disease.

ISSN:0251-5350    

DOI:10.1159/000110520

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Incidence rates were calculated for primary intraspinal neoplasms for the resident population of Rochester, Minn., for the 47-year period, 1935 through 1981, with particular attention to whether the initial diagnosis was made before death or at autopsy. During the study period, 26 tumors were identified. Among these, 10 (38%) were first detected at autopsy. The average annual incidence rate based on cases diagnosed before death is 0.9/100,000; the rate based on all cases, including those diagnosed at autopsy, is 1.4/100,000 population. The rate is higher in males, but small numbers preclude a significance statement. When incidence rates of primary intraspinal neoplasms are compared with those of primary intracranial neoplasms detected before death, a ratio of nearly 15:1 is found for the period 1950–198

ISSN:0251-5350    

DOI:10.1159/000110521

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

This report includes new descriptive findings from a study of 10 years of meningioma incidence data for a geographically defined population of over 7 million people and a review and reanalysis of findings from case-control studies of 2 groups of patients with these tumors. Descriptive factors of particular interest include sex, race, diagnosis before death, tumor location, religion, and occupation. Head trauma and head X-rays were the major risk factors identified in the case-control studies. Evidence from both the descriptive and analytic studies suggests that the female-over-male excess of meningiomas, which is greatest from 25 to 54 years of age, may be partially explained by the excess exposure of young women to dental X-rays.

ISSN:0251-5350    

DOI:10.1159/000110522

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A Texas petrochemical plant had elevated standardized mortality ratios for neoplasms of the brain. A case-control study examined possible associations between gliomas of the brain and job title, departmental employment history, chemical exposure history, geographic location within plant, dates of employment, and residence. The greatest apparent risks were associated with exposure to carbon dioxide, diethyl sulfate, diethylene glycol, ethanol, ethylene, isopropanol, methane, tetraethylene glycol, and vinyl acetate; with first employment in the 1940s or early 1950s, and with residence in La Marque, Tex. No significant differences between cases and controls were apparent in duration of exposure to any of these chemicals.

ISSN:0251-5350    

DOI:10.1159/000110523

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

International comparisons of average annual age-adjusted mortality rates for primary tumors of the nervous system for 1951–1958 and 1967–1973 showed marked geographic variation for both study periods. For the majority of countries, the mortality rates increased by at least 40% in the intervening 15-year period, while in 20% of the countries the rates increased by over 100%. The percentage increases varied from 12.2 to 345.5. The improvement in the diagnosis of these tumors, particularly among elderly individuals (who have the highest age-specific incidence rates for these neoplasms), presumably accounts for most of this change. However, it is possible that the increase may not be fully accounted for by these factors alone. It is therefore suggested that further epidemiologic studies should be undertaken to determine more accurately the causes and implications of this worldwide increase in mortality rates from primary tumors of the nervous sys

ISSN:0251-5350    

DOI:10.1159/000110524

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Recent data regarding both the incidence and prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) in Rochester, Minn., are presented. Previous incidence estimates (beginning in 1905) were extended through the period 1965–1974, and the prevalence of MS has now been calculated periodically for over 70 years in this community. The incidence rates have remained stable while the prevalence ratios have steadily increased. The possible reasons for these observations are discussed. The corresponding rates in the remainder of Olmsted County (outside of Rochester) and the prevalence ratio in adjacent Mower County were also estimated and compare

ISSN:0251-5350    

DOI:10.1159/000110525

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The incidence rate of visible congenital malformations of the central nervous system and Down''s syndrome was determined in the Ladino (of Spanish descent) and Maya-Quiche (of Maya Indian descent) populations of Guatemala City and surrounding communities in Guatemala, Central America. During a 12-month period, 14,507 consecutively delivered newborns (5.75% of all births in the Republic of Guatemala) were examined. 43 (2.96 per 1,000) had 53 visible central nervous system anomalies (3.65 per 1,000; 29% of all visible congenital malformations): There were 44 instances of neural tube closure defects (3.03 per 1,000) and only 7 of Down''s syndrome (0.48 per 1,000). Neural tube closure defects are more frequent among Maya-Quiche Indians.

ISSN:0251-5350    

DOI:10.1159/000110526

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger