摘要:

This article reviews empirical research on memories for negative personal experiences among adults. It examines basic concepts (including neural underpinnings), theoretical models of the affect‐memory relationship, and data from three sources: victims or witnesses to crimes and atrocities, “flashbulb memories” for traumatic events, and laboratory simulations of shocking experiences. Evidence suggests that memories for traumatic experiences contain more central than peripheral detail, are reasonably accurate and well‐retained for very long periods, but are not completely indelible. Assertions of eyewitness memory's vulnerability to change through suggestion have overstated the evidence. Forensic and clinical implications are discussed and a plea issued for more study of the memory phenomena that characterize posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and are the focus of trauma survivors’

ISSN:0969-5893    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2850.1995.tb00034.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This article addresses the criticisms that clinical psychology research is characterized by (a) generally disappointing results, (b) unreplicability, and (c) poor cumulation. Results are found to be quite encouraging when we (a) distinguish effect size estimation from significance testing, (b) clarify the interpretation of nonsignificant results, and (c) evaluate the practical importance of obtained effect sizes. Furthermore, our research is found to be considerably more replicable when we clarify the definition of successful replication and employ various metrics of the success of replication. Finally, problems of poor cumulation are addressed by a discussion of the evaluations (negative and positive) of meta‐analysis and how clinical researchers, in particular, can employ meta‐analytic procedu

ISSN:0969-5893    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2850.1995.tb00035.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In this article, we argue that emotion regulation is an essential (and traditionally underemphasized) feature of mental health. To develop this idea, we first define the terms emotion, emotionregulation, andmental health. We then chart the development of emotion regulation and describe its role in various facets of normal functioning. Next, we consider what happens when emotion becomes dysregulated in a major depressive episode. We suggest that an emotion regulatory perspective integrates diverse theoretical views of depression and has implications for the assessment, treatment, and prevention of depression. We conclude by speculating about the role of emotion regulation in the broader context of public mental health.

ISSN:0969-5893    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2850.1995.tb00036.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The literature addressing the mental health of homeless children is critically reviewed. Higher rates of behavioral, emotional, and cognitive problems have been reported for this population, but research results are qualified by significant methodological problems. Minimal attention has been given to the development and evaluation of specific intervention and prevention strategies. Recommendations are made for conducting research that will overcome previous methodological problems and focus more directly on identifying risk and protective mechanisms within the population of children exposed to homelessness.

ISSN:0969-5893    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2850.1995.tb00037.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Egocentricity Index (ECOI) is the oldest clinical index in the Comprehensive System for the Rorschach. According to Exner's 1993 edition of The Rorschach:A Comprehensive Systemthe ECOI, reflections, and pairs are valid Rorschach measures of self‐focus and narcissism. The present article reviews research on these indicators and concludes that they are probably unrelated to self‐focus or self‐esteem. Furthermore, their relationship to narcissistic personality disorder and depression has not been established. Reflection but not pair responses appear to be weakly related to psychopathy and male homosexuality. The research summary in TheRorschachis unbalanced and omits numerous negative fin

ISSN:0969-5893    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2850.1995.tb00038.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The literature review presented by Nezworski and Wood represents a rather marked distortion of findings and postulates related to reflection response and the Egocentricity Index as used in the Comprehensive System. While the article does call attention to four unpublished dissertations that may add important information concerning the Egocentricity Index, most of the conclusions drawn seem to have been formulated on the faulty assumption that a direct relationship exists between the Egocentricity Index and narcissism. In this comment, a brief history concerning the development of the scoring for reflections and the Egocentricity Index is presented together with some clarification regarding their use in evaluating the issues of self‐value and self‐concern when interpreting Rorschach d

ISSN:0969-5893    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2850.1995.tb00039.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY