摘要:

Among 460 twin pregnancies delivered at the University Central Hospital of Turku from 1970 to 1981, there were 41 (8.9%) with a weight difference of 25% or more between twins when calculated from the weight of the larger twin. The perinatal death rate in the first group (9.7%) was significantly higher (P<.01) than the perinatal death rate (3.7%) in the group with the weight difference of less than 25%. The intrauterine mortality rate, in particular, was significantly increased (P<.001) in the group with 25% or more difference being 6.5-fold when compared with the group with the lower weight difference. Among 271 twin pregnancies examined by ultrasound one to two weeks before delivery, there were 31 (11.4%) pairs of twins with a 3-mm or more difference in biparietal diameter, 11 (4.1%) with a 4-mm or more difference, and seven (2.6%) with a 5- mm or more difference. The sensitivity of measurements of biparietal diameter to detect the growth discordancy was 9 to 35%, the specificity 90 to 98%, and the positive predictivity 23 to 29%. This study indicates that a divergent growth pattern in twin pregnancy carries an elevated risk of intrauterine death, especially for the smaller twin. Measurement of biparietal diameter is not a method sensitive enough to detect these high-risk twin pregnancies.

ISSN:0029-7844    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The role of glycemia in ritodrine-induced hyperlactatemia was assessed by measuring lactate and pyruvate levels and studying glycemia in patients treated with intravenous ritodrine for premature labor. Lactate levels were increased moderately by ritodrine and paralleled the levels of glucose; a similar parallelism also was observed in the glucose-administration group. Pyruvate levels also changed in proportion to lactate levels in this latter group, whereas in patients given ritodrine, pyruvate changed little and the lactate/pyruvate ratio was increased. These findings are discussed in terms of possible metabolic and vasopressor consequences of β-adrenergic stimulation, with emphasis on the potential roles of increased glycemia and anaerobiosis.

ISSN:0029-7844    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Several recent reports have suggested that a decrease in circulating T helper cells may contribute to the relative immunodeficiency of pregnancy. To investigate the significance of these findings, 90 pregnant women were evaluated. The results of this study indicate that although pregnant women have a decreased proportion of T helper cells, they do have adequate T helper cell function as determined by an in vitro immunoglobulin synthesis assay and a T-lymphocyte colony-forming assay. Based on these studies it is unlikely that decreased numbers of T helper cells are primarily responsible for the immunodeficiency of pregnancy.

ISSN:0029-7844    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Thirty-five women who had undergone a natural or surgical menopause were randomized to receive either 0.625 mg of conjugated estrogen to be ingested for 25 days each month or 150 mg of depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate intramuscularly every three months. Plasma lipids were determined before and after one year of therapy. Serum androgens were measured before and after six months of therapy. Conjugated estrogens and depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate had similar effects on plasma lipids. Cholesterol was decreased (P<.02 for conjugated estrogen therapy andP<.01 for depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate therapy), as was lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (P<.02 for conjugated estrogen and P<.05 for depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate). Conjugated estrogens also significantly increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P<.02). High-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were unchanged after depomedroxyprogesterone acetate therapy. Serum androgens were generally unchanged after depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate or conjugated estrogen therapy. The data from this study suggest that long-term conjugated estrogen and depomedroxyprogesterone acetate treatment have similar effects on lipid and androgen levels except that high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was not significantly increased by depomedroxyprogesterone acetate.

ISSN:0029-7844    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome occurred after induction of ovulation with menotropins (follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone) and implantation of an intrauterine pregnancy. Serial determinations of aldosterone, deoxycorticosterone, 17β-estradiol, progesterone, human chorionic gonadotropin, urinary and plasma electrolytes, and fluid balance were obtained. Plasma renin activity, aldosterone, deoxycorticosterone, and antidiuretic hormone rose markedly. Hydration for four days improved urinary output but also accelerated sodium and fluid retention. Subsequent restriction of salt and water stabilized the patient. Spontaneous abortion was followed by prompt diuresis without a change in therapy. Regression analysis of the authors' data, the clinical observations, and other data in the literature suggest that the ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome is produced by excessive secretion of an unknown hormone that regulates peritoneal fluid during the normal menstrual cycle, and that elevations of plasma renin, aldosterone, and antidiuretic hormone are secondary.

ISSN:0029-7844    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Eighty-nine patients with postmenopausal uterine bleeding were studied focusing on the nonorganic causes of bleeding. Atrophic endometrium was found in 82%, proliferative endometrium in 7%, and secretory endometrium in 1% of patients. Carcinoma was uncommon, found in only 7% of patients. Hysteroscopy was an invaluable adjunct to dilatation and curettage in diagnosing bleeding due to atrophic endometrium as 42% of such cases yielded no tissue on curettage. The clinical entity of bleeding atrophic endometrium is discussed.

ISSN:0029-7844    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In a majority of patients with candidal vulvovaginitis, drug therapy is convenient and effective. A small but significant group of patients remain symptomatic with recurrent, chronic candidiasis. A study of 805 patients was undertaken to delineate microbiologically candidal species. The study revealed that the recurrence rate forCandida tropicaliswas twice the rate forCandida albicans,and that despite continuous medical care and multiple therapies, the recurrent Ctropicalispatients remained symptomatic with persistence of the organism. The difficulty encountered with eradication of Ctropicalismay have been due to the lack of susceptibility of the cell membrane to the commonly used antifungal agents.

ISSN:0029-7844    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Laparoscopic findings in women with clinical signs and symptoms of pelvic inflammatory disease were correlated with contraceptive use in a case-control study. Of the 738 women, 544 (73.7%) had laparoscopic signs of acute salpingitis, whereas 194 (26.3%) had visually normal fallopian tubes (nonsalpingitis). Acute salpingitis was seen in 59.8% of the 286 patients using oral contraceptives, in 80.6% of the 227 patients using an intrauterine device (IUD), and in 84.4% of the 225 patients using barrier methods or not using contraceptives (reference group). To estimate the relative risk of acute salpingitis, logistic regression analysis adjusting for age and duration of pain before laparoscopy was used. For oral contraceptive users versus the reference group the adjusted relative risk was estimated at 0.24 (95% confidence interval 0.15 to 0.38,P<.0001), and for IUD users versus the reference group a relative risk was estimated at 0.83 (95% confidence interval 0.49 to 1.38,P=.46). The relative risk of salpingitis among oral contraceptive users versus the reference group was 0.22 (P=.005), and 0.06 (P=.001) for women infected withChlamydia trachomatisand/orNeisseria gonorrhoeae,respectively. In patients with pelvic inflammatory disease, spread of the inflammation to the fallopian tubes seems to be inhibited in oral contraceptive users.

ISSN:0029-7844    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The relative viability of X-bearing and Y-bearing spermatozoa is influenced by factors in the vagina such as pH. The vaginal environment, in turn, is influenced by its flora. This study examined the relationship of the vaginal flora to the sex of conceptuses. It was found that women who carriedTrichomonas vaginalisorBacteroidessp or who had nonspecific vaginitis at first prenatal visit were significantly more likely to deliver females than women who carried none of these organisms

ISSN:0029-7844    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

To determine the prevalence of infection and colonization withChlamydia trachomatisin pregnant women of low socioeconomic status, 363 women (age range 15 to 48 years; median age 24) were screened. Cultures forC trachomatiswere obtained prospectively.Chlamydia trachomatiswas recovered from 16.8% of the patients. The incidence of infection ranged from 18.4% in the group age 15 to 19 through 13% in the group age 30 to 39, to 0% in the 40 and older group. Thus, in the population studies,C trachomatiswas found more commonly in the younger age groups. The high isolation rates seen suggest that routine screening and treatment may be warranted to prevent spread ofC trachomatisinfections to sexual partners and neonates.

ISSN:0029-7844    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID