摘要:

A follow-up study of more than 65,000 healthy women aged 15 to 44 was conducted to assess the association between oral contraceptive use and thromboembolism, stroke, or nonfatal myocardial infarction from 1980 through 1982 at Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound. A positive association existed between current oral contraceptive use and venous thromboembolism (rate ratio equals 2.8), but there was no positive association between current oral contraceptive use and stroke or myocardial infarction.

ISSN:0029-7844    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Studied was the peripheral bone density of 39 women (ages 18 to 43) with the diagnosis of secondary amenorrhea in an effort to define the population of amenorrheic women at risk for osteoporosis. Eight women had exercise-induced amenorrhea (athletes), 20 women had amenorrhea associated with weight loss, and 11 women had premature menopause. These diagnoses were made on the basis of history, physical examination, and luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and prolactin levels, and failure to have withdrawal bleeding after the administration of progestin. Twenty-five nonathletic, normally menstruating women served as control subjects. The peripheral bone density of the amenorrheic athletes (0.738 g/cm2± 0.047) was not significantly different from that of the controls (0.726 g/cm2± 0.044). The average bone density of the group with weight loss-associated amenorrhea (0.672 g/cm2± 0.066) was significantly less than controls (P<.005) as was that of the women with premature menopause (0.616 g/cm2± 0.048,P<.001). There was a significant correlation between months of amenorrhea and decrease in bone density (r=0.506,P<.001). From this study it was concluded that women with exercise-associated amenorrhea are not at significant risk for cortical bone loss as measured by direct photon absorptiometry. Women with weight loss-associated amenorrhea and women with premature menopause are at significant risk for bone loss when compared with normal controls.

ISSN:0029-7844    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The diagnosis of premature ovarian failure was made in 35 women (ages 17 to 40) with increased concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone. Three had primary amenorrhea, 29 had secondary amenorrhea (less than one to 15 years), and three had irregular menstrual intervals of less than six months. Symptoms and signs of estrogen deficiency were present in fewer than 50% of these women and were not helpful in distinguishing the different causes of ovarian failure. Six of these women had an autoimmune disorder associated with ovarian failure. Thirteen of 16 women had a normal 46,XX karyotype, and five of 14 women who had an ovarian biopsy had a specimen that contained follicles with oocytes. Two women conceived after they developed ovarian failure and while taking cyclic estrogen and progestin.

ISSN:0029-7844    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Vaginal physiology was evaluated in 23 postmenopausal women before estrogen replacement therapy and at 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months while receiving conjugated equine estrogens (Premarin). Reversal of hormonal levels (17β-estradiol, gonadotropins) and vaginal cytology occurred within one month. Vaginal pH levels significantly decreased from a baseline mean of 5.2 to a level of 4.2 at 24 months (P<.05). Women who were sexually active showed a greater decline in pH levels than did women who were sexually inactive. Maximum increases in amount of vaginal fluid and potassium levels were observed after three months of therapy. Vaginal blood flow and vaginal electropotential difference were significantly increased over baseline values at one month and again at 12 months (P<.05) with a slow progressive improvement continuing throughout 24 months of estrogen replacement therapy. This study provides documented laboratory evidence to suggest that restoration of vaginal tissue function requires 18 to 24 months and explains why dyspareunia may persist in the early months of replacement therapy despite hormonal and cytologic return to premenopausal values.

ISSN:0029-7844    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Steroid concentrations were measured in follicular fluid obtained from patients fertilized in vitro. Progesterone and estradiol-17β concentrations showed positive correlations with the growth of follicles, whereas the testosterone concentration had negative correlations not only with follicle growth but also with progesterone and estradiol-17β concentrations. The testosterone concentration was significantly lower in follicles with cleaved oocytes than in those with uncleaved oocytes or those with cleaved but degenerated oocytes. After the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge, the fluid contained significantly higher progesterone and lower testosterone concentrations than after human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) injection. These results indicate that steroid concentrations vary with the growth of follicles, and that the oocyte that can cleave well tends to be associated with a low testosterone concentration. Furthermore, the LH surge seems to provide a better hormonal condition for cleavage than does hCG injection.

ISSN:0029-7844    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The long-term prognosis of 58 untreated infertile couples with normal medical histories and physical examinations, and normal basic infertility investigations, including biphasic basal body temperature, hysterosalpingogram, postcoital test, and semen analysis, was studied using life-table analysis. Of these women, 34% were pregnant by six months, 76% by two years, and 87% by five years. These rates of conception were found to be significantly higher than those found in a large infertile population (P=.001). However, compared with the ideal fertile population, the study group for the first two years had a significantly lower conception rate (P=.001). It required two years for the study group to achieve a 74% fertility rate, whereas only nine months were required for the fertile group to achieve the same rate. The individualized approach for investigating the infertile couple is stressed.

ISSN:0029-7844    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Thirty-three patients with the diagnosis of chromosomally competent premature ovarian failure were reviewed for evidence of autoimmune disease. Thirty-nine percent of subjects had an associated autoimmune disorder, of which thyroid disease was the most common. One patient had vitiligo and one had adrenal insufficiency. A family history of autoimmune disease was elicited from 18% of subjects, all of whom proved to have an autoimmune disease themselves. From these findings, and a review of other studies, the authors conclude that an associated autoimmune disease, or other evidence of autoimmunity, is present in 30 to 50% of patients with premature ovarian failure.

ISSN:0029-7844    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

To determine the incidence of vaginal mucosal alterations associated with the use of digitally inserted tampons, 100 women were prospectively evaluated colposcopically for three consecutive menstrual cycles. Three groups of 20 women each used the regular, super, and super-plus sizes of a digitally inserted rayon and cotton tampon; two additional groups of 20 each used external sanitary protection or an applicator-inserted rayon polyacrylate tampon. Vaginal mucosal drying and layering were significantly more common in all tampon users than in pad users; vaginal mucosal ulceration was a more rare event, seen only in tampon users, and statistically more commonly in the rayon polyacrylate group. The incidence of these alterations was not related to the presence of Staphi/lococcus aureus. All ulcerations healed without treatment. The common occurrence and relatively benign nature of these changes are discussed in view of the concern that these changes might predispose a woman to developing toxic shock syndrome.

ISSN:0029-7844    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Tissue culture techniques commonly applied to the study of human vascular smooth muscle were used to evaluate in vitro survival and proliferation of normal and neoplastic human myometrial cells. Despite their growth advantage in vivo, leiomyoma cells displayed a growth disadvantage in vitro compared with normal myometrium from the same patient. Hormonal supplementation with α-estradiol, progesterone, and insulin-stimulated myometrial proliferation, whereas β-estradiol appeared ineffective at the doses tested. Hormonal supplementation also stimulated leiomyoma proliferation in vitro, but there appeared to be heterogeneity in hormonal responsiveness. Heterogeneity in the host hormonal milieu and in the ability of uterine leiomyomas to respond to various hormones may be important factors contributing to the wide variation in growth potential observed in leiomyomas.

ISSN:0029-7844    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The serum relaxin and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) concentrations were determined in 17 spontaneous singleton pregnancies and four singleton pregnancies and five multiple gestations that followed treatment with menotropins. The geometric mean serum relaxin concentrations for the control and postmenotropins singleton pregnancies were similar (both 1.13 ng/mL), but the geometric mean serum relaxin concentration for multiple gestations that followed treatment with menotropins was significantly higher (2.56 ng/mL, P<.01). A significant regression of serum relaxin on either days from the last menstrual period or serum hCG concentration was demonstrated. Covariance analysis supported the conclusion that multiple gestation produced a significant increase in serum relaxin concentration.

ISSN:0029-7844    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID