摘要:

Since 1970 there have been many changes in our knowledge of premature rupture of the membranes (PROM). Studies of its causes have focused on clinical variables, physical propertiesof the membranes, and subclinical infection, while new diagnostic techniques have included biochemical and histochemical tests, as well as intrauterine dye injection. Within the last decade, new approaches in management have employed corticosteroids, tocolytics, and amniocentesis. Because of limitations of current studies, however, it is difficult to compare one study to another. Consequently, management of PROM remains a major dilemma. This review provides a summary and commentary on recent works.

ISSN:0029-7844    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Ultrasonic long bone imaging is a potentially valuable index of fetal growth. Reported here are fetal limb measurements in normal pregnancies, produced with readily available ultrasound equipment and described using simple statistical techniques. Lengths of femur, humerus, tibia/fibula, and radius/ulna are related to gestational age. Femur and humerus measurements are also related to biparietal diameter. Linear correlation is high and with few exceptions these results confirm those of other investigators. Comparability between these data and previously published work is examined and the utility of these standards of growth discussed. Long bone imaging is confirmed as being reliable, reproducible, and a viable alternative to the measurement of biparietal diameter in the biophysical assessment of fetal development.

ISSN:0029-7844    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The effect of acute and chronic maternal administration of metoclopramide on prolactin levels in serum of umbilical vein and artery was investigated in 30 women with normal term pregnancy during labor. Serum maternal prolactin increased significantly when 20 mg metoclopramide was given intravenously 30 to 45 minutes before vaginal delivery. Prolactin values in serum of umbilical vessels did not change as compared with control values when metoclopramide was given to the mother either as a 20-mg intravenous bolus injection or per os for the last 4 days of pregnancy until delivery. Oral administration of metoclopramide in late pregnancy evoked a significant increase in maternal serum prolactin levels. It is suggested that, in humans, therapeutic doses of metoclopramide administered to the mother in late pregnancy stimulate maternal, but not fetal, prolactin secretion.

ISSN:0029-7844    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The effect of maternal weight gain during pregnancy on fetal, infant, and childhood death and on cognitive development was analyzed by examining the conception products of 2590 women who participated in the Child Health and Development Studies of the School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley. Although there was a strong inverse association between maternal weight gain and fetal and neonatal death, the implications of this are uncertain and are herein discussed. When the analysis was confined to pregnancies with gestational periods greater than 35 weeks, there was no effect of maternal weight gain on fetal, neonatal, infant, or childhood death. Children whose mothers gained between 5 and 29 1b during their pregnancy scored higher on the Raven Coloured Progressive Matrices test at age 5 than did those whose mothers gained less than 5 or more than 29 lb. Within the 5- to 29-lb group there were no significant differences in test scores among the different categories of maternal weight gain. (Obstct Gynecol 60:689, 1982)

ISSN:0029-7844    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

From the practices of approximately two thirds of the orthopedic surgeons in King County, Washington, the authors identified white women ages 50 to 74 who had sustained a fracture of the hip or forearm between 1976 and 1979. The women were interviewed concerning factors associated with levels of endogenous estrogens as well as their use of estrogen preparations. Their responses were compared to those of a random sample of white female residents of King County in the same age range. The risk of hip fracture was elevated in thin women and in those who smoked cigarettes, particularly among nonusers of estrogen. Neither weight nor smoking affected the risk of forearm fracture in estrogen users, although among nonusers smoking increased the risk, particularly among those who were thin. The beneficial effect of estrogen use in preventing both types of fracture varied considerably according to the woman's weight and smoking status, being greatest in thin women who smoked cigarettes and near zero in heavy nonsmokers. Body weight and cigarette smoking history offer important information concerning the probable degree of protection against fracture afforded by estrogen use. (Obstet Gynecol 60:695, 1982)

ISSN:0029-7844    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A multicenter study evaluated the extent of observer variation in interpretation of hypocycloidal polytomograms of the sella turcica in women with amenorrhea and/or galactorrhea, some of whom had surgically verified pituitary adenomas. Three physicians—2 neuroradiologists and 1 neurosurgeon—independently and without additional clinical information about the patients reviewed 45 sets of tomograms, 16 of which had originally been classified as abnormal, 23 as normal, and 6 as equivocal. Two or more of these physicians agreed with the original reading in 58% of all cases: in 81% of those originally read as abnormal, 56% of those originally read as normal, but in none of those originally read as equivocal. In 8 women with surgically confirmed pituitary abnormalities, readers' accuracy ranged from 50 to 88%. The physicians varied considerably in the proportion of tomograms read as normal (16 to 45%) or abnormal (38 to 71%), but overall, for only 11% of the tomograms was there no agreement among any of the 3 reviewers. The findings indicate that even among highly experienced physicians, there is considerable variation in the interpretation of polytomograms of the sella for women with amenorrhea and/or galactorrhea.

ISSN:0029-7844    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The following articles on the subject “Training of the Gynecologic Surgeon” were solicited from authorities in the field of gynecologic, general, and urologic surgery, Recent changes in postgraduate education involving the development of subspecialty training in maternal-fetal medicine, reproductive endocrinology, and gynecologic oncology have influenced the technical quality and total experience of the gynecologic surgeon. These problems and recommended solutions are highlighted in the following contributions related to current surgical training programs.

ISSN:0029-7844    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0029-7844    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0029-7844    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0029-7844    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID