ISSN:0726-4240    

DOI:10.1111/j.1741-6612.1995.tb00694.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Australian health authorities recommend cessation of Pap smear screening at the age of 70 years for women who have had two normal Pap smears within the last five years. Pap smear screening should be initiated for women over 70 years of age who never have been screened. Mammographic screening is recommended for women 50–70 years. All adults over 40 years of age are advised to check for rectal blood after every bowel motion. This study was conducted to determine current compliance with these guidelines in an ageing female population, using a self‐administered questionnaire. A 94% response rate resulted in 414 completed questionnaires from women aged 60 to 99 years (median 81). Of women over 70 years with intact uteri, 40% never had had a Pap smear. Twelve percent of women over 70 had had a recent screening mammogram. In total, 21% of respondents checked the toilet bowl every time they passed a bowel motion and 27% checked the toilet paper every time. These results demonstrate that cancer screening and early detection practices among ageing women are varied. In contrast to current policies, cervical cancer screening is not always initiated for women over 70 years who never have been screened. Further, mammographic screening continues beyond 70 years of age although there is no evidence of benefit for these older women. Too few studies have been conducted to ascertain the benefits, acceptability and unintended negative sequelae of cancer screening activities in ageing women. Research is required to inform and, if necessary, revise screening policies and clarify the preventive messages promulgated to the elderly and their health care provid

ISSN:0726-4240    

DOI:10.1111/j.1741-6612.1995.tb00695.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0726-4240    

DOI:10.1111/j.1741-6612.1995.tb00696.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A major change in the Australian residential aged care system has been the recent shift in emphasis away from the more intensive nursing home type care toward the less intensive hostel level of care. Under the Aged Care Reform Strategy, the benchmark for nursing home type care has been set at 40 beds per. thousand persons aged 70 and over, and for hostel type care at 52.5 beds per thousand persons aged 70 and over, to be achieved by the year 2011. This paper presents projections of hostel and nursing home utilisation from 1993 to 2021, based on current age and sex specific utilisation rates, and compares them with projected levels of supply. The findings suggest that there may be a general shortage of residential care from the turn of the century. They also highlight a likely shortage of nursing home type care for high dependency aged persons, particularly in the period from 2006 to 2016.

ISSN:0726-4240    

DOI:10.1111/j.1741-6612.1995.tb00697.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper examines the provision of day care for frail aged people and people with disabilities in a suburban community of approximately 200,000 people in New South Wales. Using defined criteria, sixteen different day care centres providing approximately 680 day places per week for people remaining at home were identified. These centres are categorised according to differences in their source of funding and their affiliation with existing services. It is argued that although these differences explain variations in the operation of each of the centres, there were also marked similarities in the way each of the services operates which reflect the reliance on an often ad hoc series of local initiatives for the development of community support services. The study also highlights a number of issues for further research.

ISSN:0726-4240    

DOI:10.1111/j.1741-6612.1995.tb00698.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An Information Office for older persons and their carers was established at Bundoora Extended Care Centre in 1990. The Office accepts enquiries by telephone or in person, both by appointment and on an ‘off‐the‐street’ basis. To determine the effectiveness of the project, a study of 798 consecutive enquiries made between October 1990 and March 1991 was conducted. People making enquiries participated in an interview at the time of their initial enquiry and a follow‐up telephone interview 3–4 weeks later. This second interview ascertained the relevance and usefulness of the information provided to the user. The study identified two major groups of enquirers‐professional health workers (40%) and children of elderly people (28%). The main areas of enquiry related to residential care (23%), Aged Care Assessment Teams (20%) and information on specific diseases or disabilities, e.g. Alzheimer's

ISSN:0726-4240    

DOI:10.1111/j.1741-6612.1995.tb00699.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A prospective controlled trial to study the effects of 12 months aerobic weight bearing exercise on 8 older diabetic subjects and 10 controls was conducted because although there are no specific data, an appropriate exercise program is recommended for all older persons with diabetes. The trial measures included diabetes control; bone density at the spine; sensorimotor function; risk factors for cardiovascular disease; and well‐being and cognitive function. The mean percent change in lumbar spine bone mineral concentration (SEM) was +0.29(3.0) in exercisers and‐11.2(5.1) in controls (p=0.015). The exercise group also improved their body mass index‐1.9(1.3) vs. +1.7(1.1); p=0.031; weight‐1.9(1.3) vs. +1.8(1.1); p=0.036; and Life Satisfaction Index‐A 51.3(25.7) vs 2.8(2.9); p=0.046, compared to controls. There was no change in sensorimotor function. This study provides encouraging yet tentative evidence of benefit from a twice weekly aerobic exercise program to elderly people with

ISSN:0726-4240    

DOI:10.1111/j.1741-6612.1995.tb00700.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Centre of pressure (COP) measurements have been frequently used in the evaluation of postural control, especially in the elderly. Despite this, the retest reliability of these measures has not been well investigated in this age group. This study investigated the retest reliability of COP measures using a force platform in 17 women with a mean age of 69.5 years. Results indicated low correlations between test occasions for static stance postures with Intra class Correlation Coefficients (ICCs) ranging between 0.27 and 0.55. In contrast, ICCs were high (between 0.81 and 0.92) for test conditions involving angular perturbation of the support surface. Investigation of test durations of 10 and 25 second length did not indicate any significant difference between these two test durations (p>0.05). The study also revealed no series effects using twelve consecutive 25 second tests on the force platform. These results support further investigation of dynamic standing balance in older women using the test protocol described in this study, including whether these tests are able to discriminate between fallers and non fallen, and their predictive validity.

ISSN:0726-4240    

DOI:10.1111/j.1741-6612.1995.tb00701.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The communicative needs and bilingual language use of elderly members of six ethnic communities in Brisbane were investigated, to provide a basis for the development of linguistically and culturally appropriate measures of communication impairment. Data were collected using group and individual interview methods. The results highlighted the importance of communication in the family and social domains for all groups. This is not adequately reflected in some existing measures of functional communication. Degrees of bilingualism were found not to be consistently related with length of residence in Australia. For subjects reporting difficulty in speaking English, communication in the public domain was restricted.

ISSN:0726-4240    

DOI:10.1111/j.1741-6612.1995.tb00702.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This exploratory study investigated the impact of communication impairments on the lives of older people. The communication abilities, social networks and decision‐making experiences of 50 community‐based people over 60 years of age were examined using screening communication tests, social network analysis and the critical incident technique. The majority of subjects (82%) failed on at least one of the hearing, memory and naming tests. A significant relationship was found between a forward digit span task and number of social contacts. Communication was used in 88% of all decision‐making incidents described by the subjects. Communication was used in 92% of incidents with a successful outcome as opposed to 81% of unsuccessful incidents. The methodologies of social network analysis and the critical incident technique provided valuable quantitative and qualitative information about communication function in everyday

ISSN:0726-4240    

DOI:10.1111/j.1741-6612.1995.tb00703.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY