摘要:

Some authors suggested the existence of contradictory traits in the personality pattern associated with coronary heart disease: while presenting overt, active, adult‐like traits, coronary subjects would be, at a more covert or repressed level, characterized by passive and infantile tendencies. To test this hypothesis, coronary and control subjects were submitted to three types of personality questionnaire, each of them measuring the same four personality traits (seclusion, impulsiveness, dependence and passivity) which, in the adult individual, are considered by Murray's (1938) theory of personality as persisting from infancy.No difference appeared between the two groups on type 1 questionnaires, describing behavioural features of individuals outwardly displaying the four traits. On type 2 questionnaires, describing tastes and similar areas less subject to social norms, coronary subjects revealed themselves higher than control subjects for passivity (P<0.05). and dependence (P<0.05). Similarly, they were higher for passivity (P<0.05), dependence (P<0.001) and impulsiveness (P<0.05) on type 3 questionnaires describing symptoms expected to occur occasionally among adults having such traits. Supplementary scales also showed coronary subjects to be more ego‐defensive (P<0.001) and more self‐assertive (P<0.05) than controls. These data were considered as supporting the hypot

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1979.tb02497.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study was designed to investigate the relation of orality and smoking, smoking motivation and anticipatory pleasure in smoking. Ninety‐seven male and female subjects completed questionnaires designed to elicit information about their motivation and behaviour. Results indicated that difficulty in stopping smoking was positively related to three non‐nutriment oral preoccupations. Smoking for psychological as opposed to social reasons was positively related to two non‐nutriment oral preoccupations. Anticipation of pleasure in smoking before becoming a smoker was negatively related to nutriment orality, positively related to smoking because of a craving, and, for females only, positively to one type of non‐nutriment orality. The results are discussed in relation to the role of oral ingestion and the reaction of the central nervous system to t

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1979.tb02498.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Since there is a limit to the amount of money that society can and will spend on health care, economic analysis is becoming increasingly important.This article attempts to review the use that has been made of economic analysis in psychiatric practice. It has been shown that treatment costs are a small part of the total cost of mental ill health, although ‘expensive treatments’ may reduce the cost of illness to society. In the USA the treatment of schizophrenia has been studied from the economic viewpoint. The economics of the alternatives of hospital and community care have been investigated. Cost‐benefit analysis has been modified for application to the monitoring and assessment of psychiatric treatment.Economic analysis can and should be used, in conjunction with clinical analysis, to determine policies for better mental health

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1979.tb02499.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY