摘要:

An information sheet describing the nature of initial assessment sessions was sent to people referred to a mental health day centre. This study examines the effect of receiving the information on attendance at assessment, expectations of the session and subsequent satisfaction. A group of subjects who were sent the information were compared with a control group who were not. The former group were more likely to attend the initial appointment (82 per cent attended) than those who did not receive the information (57 per cent attended). Of those subjects who attended, the experimental group expressed greater satisfaction overall and with the session itself. There were no differences between the groups on other satisfaction measures, levels of state anxiety and expectations. It is concluded that the effect of the information sheet is most likely to be mediated by changes in satisfaction levels which may be raised by increased levels of personal attention.

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1992.tb01689.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Various problems in relation to psychoanalytic theories of aggression are considered in a review which is by no means exhaustive but includes areas which have puzzled and interested the author. First to be considered is why the concept of aggression as a major drive was a relative late‐comer in psychoanalysis; next the contentious concept of a ‘death instinct’ and some of the factors in Freud's lifetime which may have contributed to both. Then it is suggested that we seem to have theories of aggression which might be called primary or secondary in two different senses. First is the question whether aggression is innate or secondary to frustration. In another sense, primary and secondary theories of aggression seem to survive paralleling Freud's original primary and secondary theories of anxiety. In this sense the primary theory survives as an explanation of psychosomatic disorder. Lastly, the link between suicide and murder is considered and the turning of aggression against the self in depression and self‐destructive

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1992.tb01690.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Two forms of psychological therapy, one Japanese the other Euro/American, are described and compared. It is suggested that each identifies comparable goals for individual change. However, each differs in the means by which change is induced. The consensus concerning goals is taken as evidence of universal values in the definition of the fully functioning self. However, the divergence in means by which these goals are attained reflects specific cultural differences. The implications of these differences are related toindividualisticversusrelationalvalues within the cultures discussed. It is proposed that the comparisons have implications for the practice of any specific form of psychotherapy on members of a culture other than that within which the therapy has developed.

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1992.tb01691.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In this paper the culture‐sensitive psychotherapy of a 19‐year‐old Druze patient with severe anxiety reaction is described. The patient explained his anxiety and his symptoms as stemming from violent death in his former life and subsequent transmigration. The therapists joined the patient's explanatory model and previous traditional healing, adding hypnotic suggestion which relieved the symptoms. The relationship of patient symptomatology to cultural background, multiple personality disorder, possession and dissociation is discussed. The strategic combination of culture‐specific and modern psychiatric approaches is advocated in simila

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1992.tb01692.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This report based on research interviews conducted with persons struggling to recover from prolonged psychiatric disorders suggests that the rediscovery and reconstruction of an enduring sense of the self as an active and responsible agent provides an important aspect of improvement. This process of developing a functional sense of self in the midst of persisting psychotic symptoms and dysfunction is described, and its implications for understanding severe mental illness and processes of change are discussed. It is suggested that viewing the development of a dynamic sense of self as central to the improvement process provides a coherent thread which ties together diverse research findings concerning factors influencing course and outcome of illness. It is also suggested that for treatment and rehabilitation to elicit and foster a more functional sense of self, models of improvement will need to allow for, and encourage, a more active and collaborative role for the person with the disorder.

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1992.tb01693.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We studied therapeutic factors influencing suicide during out‐patient treatment in severely ill discharged psychiatric in‐patients. A subsample of 25 suicide and 27 control patients were all treated by psychiatrists at the time of their suicide or at a corresponding point of time. We were not able to identify any significant psychosocial or clinical pre‐discharge differences between the two groups. After discharge, the patients of the control group were treated by psychiatrists with substantially longer professional training‐plus‐experience, the therapist's experience being the most important therapy factor contributing to the different outcome. On the whole, the contribution of the therapy factors was modest, however, explaining only 26 per cent of the group

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1992.tb01694.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Much of the psychological research with suicidal patients has examined, individually or in combination, correlates and predictors of the various measures in the suicide process. The present study investigated suicidal risk as an outcome measure. Several questionnaires were administered to a sample of 94 soldiers, 61 of whom had manifested some suicidal symptoms. Using LISREL analysis, the data showed that the best model had suicide risk as directly influenced by depression and indirectly by impulsivity.

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1992.tb01695.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper is concerned with the relationship between negative or dysfunctional automatic thoughts and dysphoric mood in a non‐clinical population. It addresses the question of how specific are these automatic thoughts to a depressed population. Negative automatic thoughts were obtained from 27 normal subjects via a thought‐sampling method using the Daily Record of Dysfunctional Thoughts Form (Beck, Rush, Shaw&Emery, 1979) over a two‐week period. A thought‐content analysis was conducted. The resultant data were compared using χ2with Blackburn&Eunson's (1989) data from depressed patients. The results presented in this paper indicate that basic cognitive distortions occur in a normal population, but differ qualitatively and quantitatively from those found in depressed

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1992.tb01696.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Mood and health reports from 65 administrative and clerical staff were obtained daily over a period of several weeks. Three mood factors emerged from the aggregated data which appear to be most suitably labelled: happiness, tense depression and hostile depression. Subjects high on hostile depression suffered more from colds. Subjects scoring highly on tense depressed mood reported more insomnia, head and neck aches. The results, especially in regard to hostile depression, are discussed in a wider context, including possible overlap with core affective aspects of the well‐known Type A coronary risk construct. Finally, psychoimmunological interpretations of the link between hostile depression and vulnerability to colds are considere

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1992.tb01697.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The present study was designed to test Price's (1983) cognitive social learning model of Type A in an adolescent population. A questionnaire measuring beliefs and fears thought to underlie Type A together with two measures of Type A (the Bortner scale and the student version of the Jenkins Activity Survey, SJAS) were administered to over 300 adolescents. Results showed that subscales measuring Type A beliefs and fears had acceptable levels of internal reliability and formed two separate components (beliefs and fears). Measures of beliefs and fears correlated significantly but modestly with measures of Type A thus providing some support for Price's cognitive social learning model. Furthermore, some striking sex differences were found. Results are discussed in terms of the implications of these beliefs and fears in studying the Type A behaviour pattern in children and adolescents and the modification of the behaviour pattern in the younger population.

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1992.tb01698.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY