摘要:

This paper is an extension of previous theoretical work in which a bimodal theory of the psychology of relationships and personality function was elaborated. The two modes are, essentially, the traditional intrapsychic individual mode derived from dyadic and introspective methods of observation, and a transpersonal mode, derived in the main from family and group process observations. The role of projective identification and other so‐called primitive mechanisms are explored and their defensive and adaptive role in transpersonal transactions in small and large groups examined. The implications for the theory of the mother‐infant relationship, and in particular the separation‐individuation phase, is reviewed and the further development of the transpersonal concept summarized. These ideas are developed in an examination of the influence of these processes on Oedipal phase conflicts in an eight‐year‐old boy, with illustrative case material. The conclusion is drawn that manifest Oedipal phase anxieties and conflicts are frequently, if not always, an expression of transpersonal elaboration in the family group. In these circumstances, the transpersonal processes are defensive rather than adaptive and impair the child's normative individuation and the usual repression and resolution of the Oedipal complex. Freud's study of Little Hans is re‐examined from this viewpoint. The implications for therap

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1985.tb02623.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Twelve out‐patients with a ‘definite’ or ‘probable’ diagnosis of major depressive disorder were treated by the author using personal construct psychotherapy (Kelly, 1955). Changes in their construct systems were monitored at intervals during the course of therapy using traditional role construct repertory grids and ‘multiple perception of the self’ grids. The level of depression was measured on each occasion of testing using psychiatric and self‐rating depression scales. The most important findings were that high levels of depression were associated with low levels of ‘conflict’ and a cluster of variables to do with the construing of self, namely negative self‐construing, low self‐esteem and perceived self‐isolation. As the depression lifted during the course of psychotherapy, there was a significant increase in the amount of ‘conflict’ and in the level of self‐esteem, and a significant decrease in the level of self‐isolation. The fact that over time the ‘multiple perception of self’ grids changed significantly more than the grids concerned with the construing of the self and others is interpreted as further evidence of the crucial role that

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1985.tb02624.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A series of studies on the ‘personal styles’ of clients and therapists is reviewed, and their findings are drawn together within the framework of personal construct theory. It is argued that the technical eclecticism of personal construct theory reflects its central philosophical assumption of constructive alternativism; and that a treatment service organized in accordance with this assumption could accommodate therapists of different theoretical persuasions, matching clients and therapeutic conditions in terms of dimensions suggested by the ‘personal styles’ r

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1985.tb02625.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Narcissism has been a perennial topic for psychoanalytic papers since Freud's ‘On narcissism: An introduction’ (1914). The understanding of this field has recently been greatly furthered by the analytical writings of Kernberg and Kohut despite, or perhaps because of, their glaring disagreements. Despite such theoretical advances, clinical theory has far outpaced clinical practice. This paper provides a clarification of the characteristics, diagnosis and development of the narcissistic personality disorder and draws out the differing treatment implications, at various levels of psychological intensity, of the two theories discus

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1985.tb02626.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An index of tight construing was derived from a Kelly grid in which the elements were spiders. This index, the coefficient of concordance, corresponds to the average correlation between constructs. Concordance was significantly higher in spider phobics than controls, in line with the hypothesis that emotional disorders are associated with higher correlations between symptom‐related constructs (i.e. ‘tight’ construing). Desensitization, though it reduced phobic anxiety, had no effect on concor

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1985.tb02627.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study examined the relationship between skin conductance response (SCR) and psychotherapeutic content in a single case study. Four SCR conditions of one minute's duration each, reflecting maximal increase (amplitude) and least amount of change as well as one‐minute periods preceding these criterion conditions, were measured for each psychotherapy session across 12 consecutive sessions. Psychotherapeutic content corresponding to these SCR conditions was evaluated according to 14 categories by five judges. There were significant relationships between SCR conditions and four psychotherapeutic content categories. Increases in SCR corresponded to a decreasing sense of mastery, increased symptom experience, increased symptom occurrence, and increased negative affects. This study suggests that there was a relationship between a responsive physiological measure and relevant psychotherapeutic content categories in an individual patien

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1985.tb02628.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Rogerian hypothesis that psychological adjustment is positively related to having a relationship which is perceived as being characterized by understanding, congruence and unconditional acceptance was tested in the context of a current, close relationship, using the original Relationship Inventory in two studies which used different measures of assessing psychological adjustment. In the first study 26 females and 19 males completed Phillips’ questionnaire which assesses acceptance of self and of others, while in the second study, 98 females and 23 males completed Rosenberg's Self‐Esteem Scale and a 30‐item symptom checklist. The hypothesis was strongly confirmed for the females but not for the males in both st

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1985.tb02629.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A sample of 208 psychiatric nurses and nursing assistants completed a questionnaire assessing attitudes to treatment and patients. Significant attitudinal differences between groups were found in relation to professional grade, age and sex. Staff with more professional training were less authoritarian and impersonal than staff more junior in the hierarchy. Younger males with Registered Mental Nurse training were found to be significantly less inclined towards physical methods of nursing and treatment. Male nurses tended to favour therapeutic techniques which emphasized independent nurse action and psychological proximity to patients. Female nurses were more favourably inclined to physical methods of treatment and were significantly more authoritarian and formal towards patients in line with the traditional stereotype of the general hospital nurse. Results are discussed in relation to the setting up of new treatment regimes within psychiatric hospitals and the influence that staff attitudes have on their functioning.

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1985.tb02630.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This is a single case study of a parallel relationship between (a) the patient and his romantic partner and (b) the patient and his therapist. While parallels such as these are not unusual in therapy and may, in fact, be universal, coincidences of age and duration facilitate the understanding of some of the competitive aspects of the patient‐therapist‐significant other trian

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1985.tb02631.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper reports in narrative style on a sample of 13–16‐year‐old Duchenne muscular dystrophy adolescents in a residential setting in the UK. The terminally ill dystrophic boys’ physical handicaps were noticed at about five years of age. In‐depth interviews were conducted with parents, while projective assessment and psychodrama were used with the boys. Findings for this paper draw heavily on family interviews. Not surprisingly, the Duchenne boys evinced significant isolation from the mainstream of normal culture. The parents of the terminal group showed marked preoccupation with their sons, great stress and diminished expression of enjoyment. The Duchenne adolescents raised the issue of handicap surprisingly often with their parents, suggesting their great need to acknowledge their disease with parents. Their parents, however, evinced marked difficulty in responding to death issues with the boys – a reaction which leaves the boys alone and the parents guilty. These observations on the family are discussed in the context of a family identificat

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1985.tb02632.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY