摘要:

The impact on an institution of the death of its leader is examined. The vulnerability to loss and change that was engendered and the decline and eventual demise of the organization is described. A way of understanding the process of grief in institutions, drawing on psychoanalytic, attachment and systems theory, is proposed.

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1991.tb01647.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

With a general goal of establishing indicators of the quality of the helping relationship within medical consultations, we recorded and analysed verbal interactions in general practice consultations, in two studies. The diagnostic and prescriptive stages of the consultation were analysed separately, first with doctor satisfaction as the outcome and then, with a second sample of doctors, with both doctor and patient satisfaction as outcomes. Patients and doctors were found to have somewhat different views of what made a highly satisfactory consultation. The most satisfying consultations for doctors were those in which the medical problem and its solution seemed clear; patients felt most satisfied with consultations where they had discussed their own experiences and opinions during the second, prescriptive stage of the consultation.

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1991.tb01648.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The fear of dependence is considered as it is experienced by therapists and patients in therapeutic relationships. The concept of dependence is briefly reviewed in the psychoanalytic literature of both East and West. A clinical illustration is given of the fear of dependence in a male patient. It is suggested that the Western ideal of independence is a myth which especially ignores the reliance on internal others.

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1991.tb01649.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Most psychological research on the martial arts has been conducted from a positivist stance, and Fuller's (1988) review of research reflected a positivist tone while suggesting that therapeutic influences may be achieved from martial arts training methods abstracted from their traditional setting. This addendum cites two important contextual problems influencing martial arts research. First, the martial arts are influenced by Oriental styles of thinking such as Taoism and Zen Buddhism that are difficult to grasp from a Western positivist point of view. We suggest that phenomenology seems to have some stylistic parallels with Oriental thinking and appears to offer the Westerner a point of entry toward understanding the martial arts as Oriental arts. Second, the cultural and psychological values and meanings of the Oriental martial arts may change when situated in a Western context, thus changing their method, content, and therapeutic influence. We suggest that a non‐positivist and context‐sensitive approach such as phenomenology might clarify the contextual intricacy of the martial arts and thereby facilitate improved theoretical foundations and empirical research of martial arts participation as a psychological phenome

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1991.tb01650.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Defense Mechanisms Inventory is one of the more popular instruments for examining hypothetical dynamic mechanisms. It is known to correlate with some measures of personality and mood. We proposed that, as measures of personality and measures of defence mechanisms are considered to have a common origin in early experience, they should be more strongly correlated than measures of mood, given equal power in the measures of the dependent variables. In this connection we report the relationships which were found between scores on the subscales of the Inventory and the Hysteroid/Obsessoid Questionnaire and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. There was only a weak relationship between anxiety or depression on the one hand and the Defense Mechanisms Inventory on the other. The highest correlation noted in this regard was Pearson'sr= .18,p= .065 between anxiety and the scale Turning Against Self (TAS). The Hysteroid/Obsessoid Questionnaire showed a positive relationship between high scores (hysteroid, i.e. extraverted) and the scale TAO (Turning Against the Object) and a negative relationship for the TAS scale (r= −.290,p= .003). Thus the Defense Mechanisms Inventory showed a stronger relationship with personality than with moo

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1991.tb01651.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The relationship between psychological distress and social support was investigated, along with various other health‐relevant variables, in a nationally representative sample of some 2050 women and 1873 men, who also returned the self‐completion questionnaire in the 1984–85 BritishHealth and Lifestyle Survey.Psychological distress was measured with the 30‐item General Health Questionnaire. Stepwise regression analyses indicated that the quality of family support accounted for a significant increase of 0.2–1.0 per cent of the variance in the GHQ for women and 0.8–1.9 per cent for men. The correlation between family support and distress was reduced from −.13 to −.04 for women and from −.15 to −.10 for men when all other variables were partialled out. It was highest (−.33) for the better qualified women and men in the young

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1991.tb01652.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The role of infant risk and social support as predictors of post‐partum adjustment was investigated. Fifty‐three mothers whose infants reflected the range of neonatal conditions were interviewed six weeks after discharge of their infant from hospital. They were assessed on measures of emotional distress, depressive symptoms, social support and perceptions of, and concerns about, their infant and themselves. The results indicated that mothers of higher risk infants reported higher levels of emotional distress and depressive symptomatology, more concerns about themselves and their baby, more difficulty in expressing affection towards their baby and greater dissatisfaction with their social support.Using multiple regression techniques, depressive symptoms were predicted by neonatal risk and dissatisfaction with social support from family and friends, while emotional distress was predicted by neonatal risk and dissatisfaction with social support from the infant's father. The study underlines the need to place more emphasis on infant variables as factors in maternal post‐partum adjus

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1991.tb01653.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A 15‐year‐old girl with chronic muscle‐contraction headache was treated initially using a behaviourally based headache programme. Little change in headache activity resulted. Implosive therapy was incorporated into treatment after the girl revealed a past episode of sexual abuse. A substantial reduction in headache activity was noted at post‐treatment and fo

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1991.tb01654.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Despite its status as a general assumption, the idea that mood disturbance is associated with reduced complexity of cognitive representations has received little in the way of empirical support. It is suggested that this may arise because of a failure to make distinctions concerning the severity and type of mood disturbance, as well as not being specific about what the representations actually refer to. Using repertory grid methodology (Bieri et al., 1966) with a group of moderately mood‐disturbed ‘worriers’, results showed that this group are significantly more complex than matched controls, but only for representations concerned with themselves. Moreover, this was related to chronic rather than current mood disturbance. The results are interpreted as indicating that cognitive complexity may follow an inverted‐U pattern, where the self‐representations of severely mood‐disturbed and control subjects, although differing in valence, are similar in their lack of complexity. On the other hand, those who are chronically but moderately disturbed are, as a result of their ongoing tendency towards introspection, more complex in their self‐representations. Possible implications for vulnerability to emotional disorder

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1991.tb01655.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Two competing hypotheses concerning the mechanism of transmission of excessive substance use from one generation to the next are tested, using data from a study of 16‐ to 35‐year‐old offspring of problem‐drinking parents. The ‘positive influence’ hypothesis predicts that the more positive has been the offspring's relationship with the problem‐drinking parent during upbringing, the greater the risk of excessive drinking or drug taking in young adulthood. This hypothesis received support only for women with fathers with drinking problems. The ‘relationship deficiency’ hypothesis predicts that those offspring most at risk are those who have had the more negative relationships with parents. This hypothesis received some support in the case of men with mothers with drinking problems: this subgroup of offspring were more at risk if they reported having had poor relationships with their fathers. It is concluded that the environmental intergenerational transmission of problems of excessive substance use occurs via a variety of mechanisms which are likely to be of differential importance in di

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1991.tb01656.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY