摘要:

In studying hysteria by means of hypnosis, Charcot placed emphasis on the psychological aetiology of the neuroses. Among his pupils, Freud alone grasped this epistemological turning‐point, from which he made his great discoveries. But hysteria and hypnosis still remain today largely unknown. We have not yet elucidated the ‘mysterious leap’ between the psychological and the somatic for the former, and between the relational and the instrumental for the latter.While psychoanalysts have constantly concerned themselves with hysteria, they have shown a lack of interest in hypnosis after Freud abandoned its practice. According to Freud, thanks to transference, affect would be controlled by cognition, a viewpoint eminently suited to satisfy his rationalistic outlook. Affect, however, remains an unknown realm. The affective relationship has, at all events, acquired an ever‐increasing importance in psychoanalysis during the last few years, with the emphasis on the early mother‐child relationship.The ‘affective locus’ remains the basic, as well as the most obscure, element in the hypno‐suggestive relationship. The behaviourist approach, which quantifies the ‘vertical’ dimension in depth, is a limited one. The study of the ‘horizontal’ dimension of subjective experience represents a new line of research, which may make it possible to distinguish different forms of hypnosis. The understanding of hypno‐suggestion may throw light on psychoanalysis, psychotherapy, and the

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1984.tb01589.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Morbid grief patterns are frequently recognized and intervention initiated only after death has taken place. However, where the eventuality of death is recognized, the relationships of the dying person should be examined rather than left to chance. Where necessary, intervention should appropriately begin prior to the event of death. The dying and the bereaved person should, to some extent, collaborate in the grieving process. A comparison is made with the perinatal period where the relationship to the foetus influences both the birth and the subsequent parent‐child bondin

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1984.tb01590.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The assumption that ‘mind’ is the product of individual development and that cognition and emotion must be sited in individual people has dominated psychology until recently. The new conception of a ‘social construction of mind’ is grounded in the idea that an interpersonal conversation is the fundamental psychological reality, and that individual minds are appropriations from it. Such a personal mind is created by making private what is originally and primarily public. This idea strikes at the Cartesian basis of both behaviourist and non‐behaviourist psychology, suggesting a more complex multidimensional set of polar oppositions for defining the problems of scientific psychology. For example, perhaps knowledge should be studied as a collective resource rather than as individual beliefs. There is evidence from anthropology that even that intimate form of cognitive organization we call the ‘self’ may have social origins in favoured grammatical models and so may be expected to differ from one linguistic cultu

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1984.tb01591.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The role of self‐esteem in the aetiology of depressive disorders is not limited to negative self‐evaluations. A broader concept, embracing the experience of the self, is necessary. A developmental model of self‐esteem regulation is proposed, derived in part from Mahler's work on separation‐individuation in infants and Kohut's work on narcissism. A concept of a ‘fragile self’ is formulated and developed; the depressive state is seen as protecting this fragile self. The model provides a coherent account of individual differences in proneness to depression (in interaction with environmental factors) which is useful to psychotherapists, yet open to empirical test and research use. The model is discussed in relation to psychological research on depression and implications for clinical practice a

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1984.tb01592.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The aim of this study was to investigate whether psychological abnormalities were present in patients still complaining of low back pain after more than one operation. It was found that these patients were more psychiatrically disturbed and socially disabled than a matched control group whose back pain responded to one operation.These results suggest that patients requiring assessment for a possible second laminectomy should also be psychiatrically examined.

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1984.tb01593.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The ratings of schizophrenic and non‐schizophrenic in‐patients on a Semantic Differential were compared. Those schizophrenic patients who obtained low scores on a test of psychological construing (the Grid Test) made less use than other schizophrenics of extreme ratings on psychological scales on the Semantic Differential. The two groups of schizophrenics did not differ on their use of non‐psychological scales. This indicates that the psychological scales are relatively meaningless to this group of subjects. The findings may explain the presentation of symptoms in schizophrenic pat

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1984.tb01594.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Prospective data on 86 pregnant women were analysed to investigate the relationship between the pregnancy symptoms of nausea and vomiting and various demographic, social and psychological factors. In contrast to previous research findings no significant differences were discovered along demographic or social dimensions between women reporting no nausea, mild nausea and severe nausea during the first trimester of pregnancy. Not surprisingly, those women experiencing severe nausea reported significantly more sleep disturbances, fatigue and irritability. Women having both nausea and vomiting during the first trimester, reported significantly more unplanned, undesired pregnancies and negative relationships with their own mothers, than first trimester groups experiencing nausea only or no symptoms. Finally, those with continuing nausea and vomiting in the third trimester, when compared with those having no symptoms, tended to have reported significantly more psychological/psychiatric problems in the first trimester and were significantly more negative in their assessment of their own maternal relationship.

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1984.tb01595.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The work of Wilfred Bion, developing the psychoanalytic theories of Freud and Klein on the origins of anxiety in childhood, includes the hypothesis of a protomental system. This he defined as a matrix in the human organism in which physical and mental are at first undifferentiated. His postulate is that this system which equips human beings for life in a group is in conflict with their needs as individuals. The view of the world mediated by basic assumptions, relatively mindless, functioning by unconscious common consent, has a close association with psychosomatic illness. But individuals feel the need for a working relationship with others, where thought can be applied to problems before taking action. Within the family ‐ a special case of a work group ‐ the continuing experience by the infant of parental containment of its anxieties, through a process of projection and introjection, develops its capacity for thinking about frustration rather than evading it.The hypothesis is, that without this experience, frustration may lead to basic assumption mentality and psychosomatic illness rather than emotionality and thought. These ideas have been found useful in general practice as in the five cases descri

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1984.tb01596.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Many behaviour, psychotherapy and healthy life‐style programmes require subjects to take responsibility for the control of the old unwanted behaviours or to be responsible for maintaining new desired behaviours after therapy has ended. A scale to measure the locus of control of behaviour would be valuable if it could predict persons likely to relapse following apparently successful therapy. A 17‐item Likert‐type scale to measure this construct was developed and shown to have satisfactory internal reliability, to be test‐retest reliable in the absence of treatment, to be independent of age, sex and social desirability, and to distinguish clinical disorder from normal non‐clinical subjects. Furthermore, change towards internality (a reduced LCB score) during therapy was shown to predict maintenance or, alternatively, change towards externality (an increase or no change in the LCB score) was shown to predict relapse 10 months later in treated stutterers. The scale was shown to be related to the personal control factor of the Rotter I–E scale but to be more powerful a predictor of relapse than this personal control subscale or the full R

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1984.tb01597.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The establishment of relaxation classes in a health centre is described from the point of view of a cost‐effective way of helping relatively large numbers of people with physical and psychological problems, with a minimum of professional tim

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1984.tb01598.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY