摘要:

The literature indicates that clinical judgement may sometimes be adversely affected by clinical training. It is suggested that this reflects qualitative changes in the modes of clinical listening, modes of inference, and relative weights given to stereotypic and individual information. A theoretical discussion of this issue focuses mainly on the hypothesis that training leads to relatively high‐risk strategies of judgement, and on the construct validity of analytic and non‐analytic judgement. It is suggested that clinical training needs to give separate attention to the use of objective ‘low‐risk’ and of more intuitive styles of clinical judgement, and to consider the judicious combination of these. Practical approaches to both kinds of training are

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1980.tb01424.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In view of the importance of verbal communication in community meetings, an attempt was made to identify the characteristics of patients with differing average levels of communication. Paper‐and‐pencil recordings of 117 consecutive community meetings in a psychiatric unit run along therapeutic community lines yielded average communication scores on 237 patients. Scores were unrelated to sex, age, social class, length of stay, in‐patient or day‐patient status and questionnaire measures of total hostility and attitude towards psychiatric treatment. Patients who talked much were characterized by manic and personality disorder diagnoses and were hysteroid and extrapunitive on questionnaire measures. They attended a high proportion of meetings held during their admission and contributed verbally to almost all meetings they attended. They frequently became the subject of discussion in meetings, and they tended to be high on objective and consensual measures of rule‐breaking. Patients with low level of verbal communication were likely to have anorexic, organic or psychotic depressive disorders. The results are discussed in terms of Berne's distinction between ‘performers’ and ‘audience’ and the presumed functions of c

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1980.tb01425.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The problems of repertory grid analysis fall into two main groups: (i) general scaling problems; (ii) specific methods of the simplification of the grid data. Some problems of psychological scaling are considered including ‘ranking’ versus ‘rating’, equal interval assumption, and comparison of constructs. The grid analysis methods of principal component analysis, multidimensional scaling and cluster analysis are described briefly, whilst a hand‐sorting cluster‐type method is demonstrated. Methods for processing pairs and groups of grids are also

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1980.tb01426.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In order to set goals and evaluate progress in therapy with couples it is important to begin with a clear formulation of the problem. The technique described provides quantitative data on three aspects of a relationship. Firstly, the extent to which a couple are in fact using a common language. Second, the extent to which they agree, understand each other's point of view, and realize how they are understood. Thirdly, the differences between their perception of the present and their goals for themselves and one another in the future.The investigation uses personal constructs elicited from the couple and the results are analysed as a repertory grid. Summary measures provided by the grid analysis organize the large amount of data and provide a general context for understanding the relationship within which particular aspects can be identified for more detailed analysis.

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1980.tb01427.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An approach to the group psychotherapy of the hospitalized borderline patient is described. Drawing on recent formulations of the narcissistic constellation in these patients a focal interpretative approach is used emphasizing the defensive nature of the chronic rage, devaluation and self‐interest of these patients. This allows the beginnings of group cohesiveness to be established based on shared hurt and damaged self‐image, and facilitates the utilization of the various treatment modalities which are necessary in the long‐term treatment of this group. These issues are illustrated with examples drawn from group ses

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1980.tb01428.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A case study is presented in which a broadly eclectic or patient‐focused approach was used, which allowed the treatment to be determined by the ability of the patient to handle different levels of material at different times. It is argued that such an eclectic approach can only develop from an awareness of the value of both psychotherapeutic and behavioural theories, and represents the increasing rapprochement between the

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1980.tb01429.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1980.tb01430.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A case report of a transient paranoia in a man with a terminal illness is presented with three basic aims: (1) to highlight the delicate nature of the treatment of the gravely ill and to illustrate what may have been an iatrogenic panic; (2) to examine the development of the symptoms in such a way as to suggest a theoretical synthesis of the views of Kurt Eissler and those of D. W. Winnicott; (3) to illustrate the dramatic effect of a brief, dynamically informed intervention.

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1980.tb01431.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Postnatal depression was investigated by the antenatal screening of a sample of women for factors that might be predictive of later disturbance. The women were assessed when they were 36 weeks pregnant on anxiety, hostility, and locus of control. Predictions were tested by assessing depression 6 weeks after birth. Both high anxiety and high hostility were positively associated with postnatal depression. Intropunitiveness was not significantly related to subsequent depression. The most depressed women were those who had been the more extrapunitive as well as the more hostile.Women who perceived themselves as less in control of their lives were likely to rate high on depression postnatally, as were younger women. There were indications that some women may have been experiencing depression before the birth. Depression was not significantly associated with parity, gravidity, race, social class or marital status.

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1980.tb01432.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The first part of this research, a questionnaire study on 260 single British males, found neuroticism to be inversely related to need for social approval, thus raising an issue about the validity of the EPI‐N scale. From the second part, a laboratory study with 48 subjects selected by the questionnaire study, there were four main findings: (1) an earlier finding, that most subjects tended in the direction of a double standard in which they anticipated more risk stemming from their own than from their friend's negative self‐disclosures, was replicated highly significantly; (2) neuroticism was not associated significantly with differences in anticipated reactions for either negative or positive self‐disclosures; (3) there was a large and highly significant main effect for order, with those subjects who first rated their own reactions to their friend's negative self‐disclosures anticipating being esteemed less negatively than those who first rated their friend's reactions to their own negative self‐disclosures; and (4) there were significant differences for some characteristics between self‐attribution and friend's attribution after negative self‐disclosure. Practical implications of the above findings

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1980.tb01433.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY