摘要:

A case is presented, based on clinical observation and a sharing of fundamental features, for viewing anorexia nervosa as a dependence disorder. This view lends a coherence to the clinical picture and generates some new hypotheses for research.

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1984.tb02595.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1984.tb02596.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper investigates the range, structure and determinants of lay people's implicit theories of alcoholism. The different explicit medical and psychological theories are reviewed as are studies on lay beliefs about alcoholism and heavy drinking. After a number of interviews in which people were asked to list what they believed to be the major causes of alcoholism, 265 people completed a questionnaire in which they rated 30 explanations for their importance in explaining the causes of alcoholism. Females more than males believed alcoholics to be socially inadequate and anxious and that there was too much social pressure and not enough prohibitions against drinking. Middle‐aged rather than younger or older people tended to explain alcoholism in terms of poor education, social and cultural pressures and biological or genetic mechanisms. However, there were few differences in the ratings of heavy, moderate, light and non‐drinkers. Factor analysis revealed six factors labelled psychological stress, personal and social problems, psychoanalytic theories, sociocultural explanations, biological or genetic explanations and social desirability or pressure. The results are discussed in terms of the research on lay understandings of psychological and medical phenomena, and the relationship between explicit and implicit theor

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1984.tb02597.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study investigated the effects of three death anxiety reduction techniques on levels of death anxiety and self‐actualization. The three techniques were didactic, experiential and non‐conscious, with the methods being compared with each other and with a control group. The results indicate that an experiential format is significantly more effective in reducing death‐related fears and enhancing psychological integration than are cognitive or non‐conscious methods. Possible reasons for such differential effects are di

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1984.tb02598.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The premise that mourning has been satisfactorily completed when symptoms associated with the response to loss subside is rejected. The emphasis on the bereaved's behavioural functioning inadjustmentto loss has tended to overshadow the recollected relationship to the deceased as a major dimension in theresolutionof loss. Elaborating the two‐track model of bereavement (Rubin, 1981), the author focuses upon the relationship to the representations of the deceased from the object relations point of view. The active relationship between representations of the deceased and the bereaved's self‐representations define resolution of loss. Two cases are presented to illustrate the the

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1984.tb02599.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A workshop was set up at the Tavistock Clinic to study the application in other clinical settings of techniques of brief psychotherapy developed there. Five people from mixed professional backgrounds met for three years and treated patients, unselected for brief therapy, utilizing these techniques. Of the 15 patients who embarked on treatment, 13 completed it, and 12 of these were followed up for periods ranging from three months to two and a half years. Forms were developed by the workshop to chart the clinical progress of therapy, and to evaluate data on the patient, the psychodynamic focus and treatment process. These data were compared with outcome, rated behaviourally and psychodynamically.At non‐significant levels, results indicated that outcome was better for those patients who experienced high levels of distress subjectively but who functioned well externally, those who had a supportive relationship outside therapy and those for whom a psychodynamic focus could be formulated and worked with. Unrelated to outcome were: the extent of early deprivation, severity of damage to object‐relations capacities, time of onset and all of the practical aspects of therapy. Clinical illustrations are given and three exceptions to the trend of results are discussed. In general, the findings corroborate Malan's (1976) work. The claim is made that these results justify further exploration of the technique's applicability in NHS out‐patient psychotherapy cl

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1984.tb02600.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Two separate studies examined five areas in the patient's environment (e.g. life adjustment, external support, alternative counsel, intercurrent stress events, and other factors such as transport availability and difficulty obtaining time off work) which may influence continuation or premature termination from psychotherapy. In the first study, a mail questionnaire was completed by 69 adult clients (32 terminators and 37 continuers) who attended for therapy at a state‐controlled psychiatric out‐patient clinic. Multivariate analysis of variance on each set of environmental variables failed to achieve significance. Univariate analysis, however, showed the effect of alternative counsel in the community such as the number of people with whom clients could discuss their problems outside of the treatment setting. Continuers, for example, had access to more individuals in the community and actually received more help from specific individuals (e.g. spouses) than did terminators. A replication study was conducted on 45 clients (21 terminators and 24 continuers) who attended for treatment during a further period. Results from the second study showed similar patterning in the data as for Study 1. The role of informal support in conjunction with therapy cannot be overlooked as possibly assisting clients to continue towards their desired goals of treatm

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1984.tb02601.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper examines the extent to which sexual problems featured in one year's applications to a specialist marital agency and the degree of match between client and agency in the way these problems were understood. Sexual dysfunction is seen as having a functional aspect, capable of drawing attention to sensitive areas in marriage and yet of deflecting away from them when attention begins to constitute a threat. The nature of the threat is examined from a psychodynamic perspective in relation to a case example, and implications are drawn for the therapist in managing both the presenting symptom and the transference.

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1984.tb02602.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

During a behaviour therapy training workshop, 15 postgraduate clinical psychology trainees were asked to assign 27 interpersonal therapeutic skills either to themselves and/or to the ‘typical behaviour therapist’. The behaviour therapist's low ratings in therapeutic relationship skills is discussed, and the need for more research into the specific behavioural therapeutic relationship is emphasi

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1984.tb02603.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Ray&Bozek (1980) suggested that the Jenkins Activity Survey or ‘JAS’ (for measuring A—B personality) contained items measuring three different qualities: dominance, achievement motivation and ‘freneticism’. Although freneticism was found to be only a minor component of the JAS, it seems to correspond most closely to what the JAS is said to be

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1984.tb02604.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY