ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1987.tb02718.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The last 10 years have shown a notable increase in the consideration of locus of control as a variable pertinent to the explanation of outcome in psychotherapy. In particular, a body of research has provided evidence that an internal locus of control orientation facilitates both positive assessments of therapy and favourable outcomes, and that successful outcomes for clients with particular control orientations are facilitated by the degree of structure and directiveness in therapy. There appear to be a number of difficulties with the methods of measurement employed in these studies; in particular, the selection of subject groups and indexes of outcome as well as manipulation of treatment structures may have limited the generalizability of research findings. The possible therapeutic and clinical applications of locus of control in psychotherapy are considered.

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1987.tb02719.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

While psychotherapists discuss amongst themselves and in supervision the struggles they experience face‐to‐face with their patients, empirical study of therapists' experience of psychotherapy has been scant and there has been little investigation of therapists' difficulties. We require tools for such investigation and in this initial report we describe the development of a taxonomy of situations that psychotherapists experience as difficult and indicate lines of research to which the taxonomy might be applied. We also suggest that our procedure might serve as a model of collective self‐study for other groups of practitioner‐researchers. Using accounts of our own difficulties as therapists, we constructed a consensual set of experiential categories that could be applied to describe them. These were designated as Therapist (T)‐Incompetent, T‐Damaging, T‐Puzzled, T‐Threatened, T‐Out of Rapport, T's Personal Issues, Painful Reality/T's Ethical Dilemma (a combined category), T‐Stuck, and T‐Thwarted. We then employed a fresh set of 30 accounts, which were also drawn from our own experience but had not contributed to the development of the taxonomy, to study the taxonomy's reliability. Each of us rated the presence and predominance of the categories for each of the 30 accounts. Both presence and predominance of all nine categories in the taxonomy could be reliably identified, with about three raters required to ensure good reliability for all categories; alphas (for our group of seven raters) were in the range 0.88–0.95 for presence‐absence and 0.83–0.94 for predominance. We conclude that the taxonomy is a serviceable tool for further investigation. We also show that we are discriminable from one another as therapists in terms of the kinds of difficulty we reported, differences amongst us conforming to what we know of one another's therapeutic practice. We note implications for the diagnostic use of the taxonomy

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1987.tb02720.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Patients attending a sexually transmitted diseases (STD) clinic were asked to complete the General Health Questionnaire and the Illness Behaviour Questionnaire. Data were collected from 852 patients. One‐third of the sample were found to score positively on the GHQ, indicating possible psychological disturbance. Women were more likely than men to score positively on the GHQ. On the General Hypochondriasis scale of the IBQ the sample's scores were higher than any other normative data except those obtained from psychiatric in‐patients. On this scale homosexual and bisexual males scored significantly higher than heterosexual males. It is argued that the IBQ draws attention to important dimensions of psychological distress in STD clin

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1987.tb02721.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A questionnaire survey was carried out to compare the views of cancer patients at a UK and USA hospital with respect to the nature and sources of the information they received about their condition. Although there were many similarities, differences did emerge in the way the diagnosis was confirmed to the patient, the desire for additional information and the sources of such information. Among the UK patients 20 per cent reported that confirmation of their diagnosis had been delegated to junior staff, 30 per cent felt that their doctors did not have sufficient time to talk to them and 70 per cent stated that they relied on non‐medical sources for information about cancer. These findings indicate that there is considerable scope for improvement in communicating with cancer patients in the U

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1987.tb02722.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

All patients over 65 in a district general teaching hospital (n= 204) were screened for cognitive impairment and emotional disorder using the Clifton Assessment Procedures for the Elderly, the Mini‐Mental State and the General Health Questionnaire. Patients scoring in the disordered range were psychiatrically assessed. These procedures gave an estimated prevalence of cognitive impairment of 22 per cent in the 164 patients satisfactorily assessed. Forty‐three per cent of patients scored beyond the GHQ cut‐off, but there was a high false positive rate.Cognitively impaired patients had a significantly longer hospital stay than the unimpaired. The majority (60 per cent) of these patients could not be discharged because of lack of an appropriate place elsewhere. Amongst all elderly patients whose discharge was prevented in this way, the cognitively impaired were markedly over‐represented. The data have implications for the efficient use of hospital beds and for the welfare of elderly patients in acute ho

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1987.tb02723.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

By interviewing and administering questionnaires to 63 patients one to five years after treatment for benzodiazepine dependence the long‐term success rate was examined together with factors associated with outcome. Fifty‐four per cent of patients had permanently withdrawn from medication at follow‐up. Most of those who were successful continued to experience psychiatric symptoms after discharge. Significantly more women than men managed to withdraw from medication. Outcome was not related to previous benzodiazepine regimen, psychiatric history or experiences of withdrawal. It is argued that psychological adjuncts should be included in the treatment of benzodiazepine dependence in order to prevent re

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1987.tb02724.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Forty‐five pregnant women rated themselves for hostility, depression and anxiety. Maternal and foetal heart rates were recorded while they listened to a tape through headphones. The foetuses of anxious mothers showed pronounced responses to certain taped stimuli but this effect was not found for mothers with high hostility or depression score

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1987.tb02725.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Controversy has arisen over the usefulness and reliability of the Jenkins Activity Survey (JAS) as a measure of Type A behaviour. Ray&Bozek (1980), Jenkins&Zyzanski (1982) and Ray (1984) have exchanged contrasting views. Our data show (1) low internal consistency scores for the four components of the JAS: i.e. the Type A scale itself and factors speed and impatience (S), job involvement (J), and hard‐driving competitiveness (H); and (2) a low test‐retest reliability result for the Type A scale. Further, the weighted scoring scheme of the JAS is questioned. Recommendations are made to eliminate the weighted scoring scheme, delete factors S, J, and H, and revise specific items in the

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1987.tb02726.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The prevalence and construct validity of Type A behaviour were studied in 34 patients with duodenal ulcers, 35 patients with ulcerative colitis, 37 patients with irritable colon syndrome, 29 patients with gallstone disease and 44 patients with varicose veins. Type A behaviour was measured using the Swedish version of the Jenkins Activity Survey (JAS) supplemented with some items of the Matthews Youth Test for Health. The results showed that patients with duodenal ulcers scored more highly on Type A behaviour than any other group studied. Findings regarding the construct validity of Type A behaviour revealed its basic component to be impatience characterized by aggression, a chronic sense of time urgency and competitiveness. Some characteristics such as a sense of responsibility and social activity, conceptually part of the pattern, were found to be actually independent of it.

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1987.tb02727.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY