摘要:

In a recent paper Ryle introduced the idea of integrating object relations theory and activity theory, a conceptual tradition originated by Vygotsky and developed by a number of Soviet psychologists during the previous decades.A specific aspect of this integrative perspective will be examined, implied in Ryle's paper but not elaborated by him. It is the issue of sign mediation which was Vygotsky's primary contribution to the methodological problems of modern psychology. The aim is to show that object relations theory, especially the work of Winnicott, may bring fresh understanding into Vygotsky's early notions. It is further claimed that, by introducing the contribution of Mikhail Bakhtin and his circle to the notion of sign mediation, the profundity in Winnicott's understanding of the transitional object and of the potential space may be more fully appreciated. At the same time the ideas of Winnicott and Bakhtin will jointly clarify the limitations in Vygotsky's sign conception.

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1992.tb01701.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper examines the link between psychosis and mystical study through the cases of four young men who ‘entered the garden’ of Jewish mystical speculation and subsequently became psychotic. The role of such study as a precipitating factor is suggested, as three had no signs of disturbance prior to their mystical studies. All had suffered personal losses, and their choice of mystical texts and rites showed that their attraction to mysticism included a search for atonement for guilt they felt over their loss. The features of normative mysticism are presented with each case and it is apparent that hallucinations, grandiose and paranoid delusions, and social withdrawal, are phenomena that do not distinguish the psychotic from the mystic. Diagnosis of psychosis is made on the basis of duration of the state, ability to control entry into the state and the associated deterioration of habits, particularly the neglect of daily religious duties. These findings emphasize the need for the examining psychiatrist to be aware of the cultural background, despite the presence of seemingly florid psychopathol

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1992.tb01702.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The growth of validated objective devices, and of knowledge of ergic and sentiment structure has now, for 20 years, put new instruments (MAT and SMAT) in the hands of psychological practitioners. They have been slow to recognize, however, the theoretical powers in conflict measurement, decision theory, the general dynamic calculus, and structured learning theory which this has brought about. Illustration is given here of the experimental and clinical gains, with a view to the growth of several areas inaccessible to bivariate experiment.

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1992.tb01703.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Cattell is a founding father of modern, multivariate psychological method and his paper is a fine introduction to his views on motivation which have perhaps received less attention in Britain than they deserve. However, it was the unanimous opinion of three referees that it needed to be followed by a dissenting voice. In this counterargument I suggest that Cattell's presentation is: (1) ingenuously confident of the power of multivariate statistical methods; (2) naïve about the interactive nature of the clinical relationship

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1992.tb01704.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

There are several important issues raised in the paper by Cattell and in the comments upon it: the empirical status of the Cattell factors; the experimental verification of factors; difficulties with confirmatory analysis and the value of P‐analysis. The relevance of these points is explicated in this pape

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1992.tb01705.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Non‐depressed lay persons have been shown to have extensive and accurate knowledge about depression (Rippere, 1977, 1980a, b, 1981a) that is underpinned by a structure that resembles current academic theories of the disorder (Furnham&Kuyken, 1991). In this study a semi‐structured interview schedule and a number of rating scales were used to determine and compare the nature and extent of depressed patients', clinical psychologists', and lay persons' beliefs about the causes of depression. We confirmed that depressed patients and non‐depressed lay persons alike have relatively extensive beliefs about the causes of depression which are comparable to those held by clinical psychologists. However, depressed patients tend to endorse biological explanations of the causes of depression to a greater extent than clinical psychologists. In contrast, clinical psychologists assign a more important causal role to unconscious processes and childhood vulnerability factors than do either depressed patients or non‐depressed lay c

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1992.tb01706.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

One hundred infertile women and 73 female controls completed three measures of psychological well‐being (depression, self‐esteem and self‐confidence) on two occasions (Times 1 and 2), coinciding with the beginning and end of a failed IVF attempt by the infertile women. At Time 2, the IVF women were also asked to indicate whether they had used a number of different coping reponses, in relation to dealing with their failed IVF attempt. As predicted, IVF women were more depressed and had lower self‐esteem than controls prior to the treatment cycle, and both before and after the treatment cycle they were less self‐confident. After the failed IVF procedure, IVF women were more depressed and had lower levels of self‐esteem than they did prior to the treatment cycle. In terms of the effects of coping on the post‐attempt well‐being of the IVF women, the use of problem‐focused coping was associated with high levels of well‐being, while the use of avoidance coping and seeking social support was associated with low l

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1992.tb01707.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A pilot project using group therapy with patients from an epilepsy clinic is described. Observations of the group show that members were able to discuss their feelings about having epilepsy, and the difficulties the disorder caused in all areas of their lives, and to tolerate and learn from seizures which took place during group meetings. The greatest benefit was meeting others with epilepsy and sharing experiences in an environment that was not overprotective or overanxious, in contrast to their usual surroundings. The author suggests that groups of a similar nature could be a useful addition to the management of people with epilepsy.

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1992.tb01708.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Ray asks the question: ‘If A–B does not predict heart disease, why bother with it?’ (British Journal of Medical Psychology,64(1) 1991). Having worked for several years in prevention of heart attack recurrence, I am inclined to agree with his conclusion that the construct is a trail which should now be abandoned. Grief, hostility and social isolation, fear and work demands have each been implicated in heart disease independently of T

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1992.tb01709.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Beyond Countertransference: The Therapist's Subjective Process in the Therapeutic Process.ByJ. Natterson.Adult Clinical Problems: A Cognitive‐Behavioural Approach.Edited byW. Dryden&R. Rentoul.Neurosis and Human Growth: The Struggle Towards Self‐realization.ByK. Horney.Jungian Sandplay: The Wonderful Therapy.ByJ. Ryce‐Menuhin.Living Beyond Loss: Death in the Family.Edited byF. Walsh&M. McGoldrick.Nine Lives. The Emotional Experience in General Practice.ByK. Sanders.Comparing Psychoanalytic Psychotherapies.ByJ. Masterson, M. Tolpin&P. Sifneos.Identity Crisis: Modernity, Psychoanalysis and the Self.ByS. Frosh. London: Macmillan.The International Handbook of Addiction Behavior.Edited byI. Glass.Clinical Lectures on Klein and Bion.Edited byR. Anderson.Psychoanalytic Case Studies.Edited byG. Pirooz Sholevar.The Essential Arnold Lazarus.Edited byW. Dryden.Hidden Conversations: An Introduction to Communicative Psychoanalysis.ByD. Livingston Smith.In the Midst of Winter.ByG. Walker.Psychotherapy of Sexually Abused Children and Their Families.ByW. Frie

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1992.tb01710.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY