摘要:

There is a need for a theoretical account of the psychotherapeutic process or method, as distinct from psychotherapeutic or psychoanalytic theory itself. A four‐stage model is presented which attempts to delineate the elements of the psychotherapeutic method: structure, space, discovery and description. This account puts discovery as the central theme in psychotherapy. The psychotherapeutic method as described is compared first with Medawar' account of the scientific method, and then with two literary versions of creativity. The conditions under which psychotherapeutic discovery occurs, scientific hypotheses arise and artistic activity takes place are structurally similar. The implications of this for teaching psychotherapy are discussed, especially in relation to the establishment and recognition of transferential experienc

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1986.tb02675.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The clinical characteristics of a consecutive series of 36 male anorectics were compared with those of a similar series of 100 female cases. Social class background and mean age of onset were found to be similar as were the majority of clinical features at presentation. Anorexia nervosa was associated with diminished differences between the sexes in terms of physical, experiential and behavioural characteristics directly related to the condition, and in terms of general psychoneurotic characteristics. The condition is one within which the individual is sadly reduced to an existence rooted in the experience, behaviour and impulses of starvation including the impulse to ingest and the consequent defences against this latter propensity and its implication of weight gain. Only the ‘choice’ of defence relates to premorbid ‘personality’ characteristics and thereby continues to characterize the individual. Overall the same background and presentation factors in both sexes predict similar outcomes, though a vomiting defence at presentation predicts good outcome for males and poor outcome for females. The condition is very rare in the male and such presentations may help to shed light on its overall

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1986.tb02676.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The concept of genealogical bewilderment is re‐examined in the light of empirical evidence gathered over the past 20 years. It is concluded that, where the quality of surrogate family relationships is sufficient to meet the child' emotional needs, then there is no reason why ancestral knowledge should be a prerequisite of mental health. It would appear that individuals with a spontaneous urge or sometimes even a compulsion to search for their biological relatives are not uncommonly suffering from emotional deprivation. However, this is not to deny the reality of healthy genetic curiosity in children cut off from their root

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1986.tb02677.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The convergent validity of two popular self‐report Type A questionnaires (the Jenkins Activity Survey and Framingham Scale), and their association with (1) personality traits related to Type A, (2) affective states and traits, and (3) history of nervous illness, were assessed in a sample of 92 coronary angiography patients. The correlation between the two Type A measures, although significant, was modest. Both Type A measures had strong associations with standard personality traits (neuroticism and trait tension). The Framingham Scale was strongly correlated with distressing psychological states (tension, anxiety and depression) while the JAS showed a lesser association with these measures. The implications of these findings in terms of the convergent validity of the two Type A measures, and the independence of the Type A concept from other personality and emotional variables, are discusse

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1986.tb02678.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper is concerned with existential anxiety, as elaborated by Paul Tillich. It is related to and distinguished from neurotic anxiety. The paper is in four sections: (1) a brief historical background of the development of existentialism with particular reference to Heidegger; (2) a discussion of Tillich' thought regarding three basic forms of anxiety associated with death, meaninglessness and condemnation; (3) a description and discussion of the experiences of a young woman with extreme anxiety; (4) a consideration of the case in the light of Tillich' propositions suggests that, although more familiar psychodynamic theories go some way towards understanding her symptoms, fundamental to her distress and important in therapy were basic, existential anxieties.

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1986.tb02679.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Caine‐Marteau‐Dympna (CMD) Test, a new thematic apperception projective test, has acceptable inter‐rater reliability. Validity was demonstrated by its ability to differentiate psychiatric in‐patients from out‐patients and non‐patients, and by the relationships found between ratings derived from the test protocols and various questionnaires. These latter provide measures associated with either an inner or outer orientation towards the world. This has implications for many different areas of life, including occupational preference and adjustment, psychiatric symptom formation, psychological treatment expectancies and therapeutic outcome. Thus, the inner orientated individual, who is likely to be responsive to interpretative psychotherapy, tends to produce CMD responses displaying individualistic, abstract themes; a concern with intrapsychic conflict, deficiencies in social interaction and lack of structure; and inter

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1986.tb02680.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper presents findings concerning variables expected to influence the motivation of persons caring for a dementing relative in the community to continue giving care and support. The variables examined in relation to ‘preference for institutional care’ were those previously examined in relation to supporters' psychological well‐being (Gilhooly, 1984). The results indicate that factors within the relationship between supporter and the dependent dementing relative are important determinants of motivation to continue giving support. Other variables significantly associated with advocacy of institutional care included the age of the supporter, supporter' contacts with friends, satisfaction with help from relatives, another dependent relative, and whether or not the supporter was employed. Help from the services and supporters' well‐being were not significantly correlated with ratings of preference for institution

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1986.tb02681.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Vaginal symptoms and and loss of libido are common presenting complaints among patients of menopause clinics. Very often the cause and effect model used to explain and treat these complaints is one of simple oestrogen deficiency. However, factors other than menopausal status may play an important part in sexual and vaginal problems. This study investigated the relationship between vaginal symptoms and factors such as affective state, the importance of intercourse, satisfaction with sexual activity and strength of desire among 274 peri‐menopausal patients at a menopause out‐patient clinic. While vaginal dryness affects enjoyment and desire for intercourse, only dyspareunia was associated with a reduction in the frequency of intercourse. Depression was found to be an important factor in loss of libido and anxiety was the most important influence on reduced frequency of intercou

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1986.tb02682.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Patient attrition is a considerable problem in many health care settings. This study examined attrition among out‐patients referred to a clinical psychologist. Forty per cent of all referrals dropped out and different factors were associated with dropping out at different times. Patients who engaged into treatment before dropping out had less initial pathology and made some improvement. Early drop‐outs were characterized by lower social class and unemployment. These non‐engagers were more likely to have been sent by referring agents who had relatively poorer contact with the psychologist. Further investigation of factors involved in the referral process might lead to practical ways of reducing the large amount of clinical time which is lost because of attr

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1986.tb02683.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper examines the role of uncontrolled depersonalization associated with marijuana use in the development of agoraphobia. Cases of six people are described, all of whom reported first experiencing depersonalization while using marijuana, and subsequently experiencing depersonalization while not using the drug. A fear of this ‘uncontrolled’ depersonalization resulted in considerable anticipatory anxiety and panic attacks. Patients ultimately presented for treatment of agoraphobia. A temporal relationship between marijuana use, uncontrolled depersonalization, panic attacks and agoraphobia does not imply causality. Comparison of these cases with other agoraphobia clinic patients provides tentative evidence for a difference between the two types of patients. There were no systematic patterns of stressors in the cases prior to the onset of symptoms. Data obtained before and after treatment indicated the cases were slightly more severe than clinic patients. Males and females were represented equally in the cases, whereas there was a higher incidence of females in the clinic patients. The cases' age of onset was younger than that of the clinic patients. Our standard cognitive‐behavioural treatment programme required modification to account for the intensity of the fear of depersonalization in the

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1986.tb02684.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY