摘要:

Some of the problems that confront the clinician in seeking to comprehend patients' accounts of their problems are discussed. It must be anticipated that these will be systematically deficient, both because of limitations in patients' awareness and because of the effects of the communication situations.Several strategies of listening that are available: (a) attention to patients' exact language, (b) heuristic strategies, (c) selective tuning, (d) relating information to emerging formulations and (e) ‘evenly suspended attention’ are discussed. The importance of the scientific investigation of clinical listening is emphasized, so that sound methods of training in listening can be develo

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1983.tb01539.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Thought‐disordered and non‐thought‐disordered schizophrenic patients, psychometrically defined, were compared with control patients on a task requiring them to describe how to make a good cup of tea. Schizophrenic patients produced less detail on how to prepare tea and thought‐disordered patients, in particular, omitted optional actions. But such actions were not invariably omitted by these patients since they reported more of the optional actions involved in serving tea. A number of alternative hypotheses for incoherence are considered in terms of the data and the cognitive complexity of a mental representation is advanced as one crucial

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1983.tb01540.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study is the third in a series which has used repertory grids to evaluate changes in people in various ‘treatment’ milieux. In this paper findings are reported for 70 men and 33 women patients at the Henderson Hospital.Significantly more patients in the hospital changed in desired directions (‘benefited’) than in previous milieux studied. Grid interpretation of ‘benefit’ seemed to have face value for therapists when compared with clinical impressions.Association of ‘benefit’ with attendance at meetings is discussed and so are differences in results for men and women. Changes in self‐esteem compare favourably with such changes in the other milieux and for theoretical reasons this suggests that desired changes will be maintained. The hospital did seem to achieve measurable benefit in patients often regarded as unamen

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1983.tb01541.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Although anorexia nervosa patients are notorious for their ‘resistance’ to treatment, the phenomenon of drop‐out during in‐patient treatment of these patients is scarcely described in the literature. In a consecutive series of 133 hospitalized female anorexia nervosa patients the authors found a remarkably high drop‐out rate of about 50 per cent, spread over different phases in the therapeutic process. In order to find some ‘risk factors’ concerning the probability of premature discharge against medical advice, some clinical, demographic and follow‐up data were analysed in a retrospective way.Dropping‐out appears to be a function of age at admission, duration of illness, educational level, social class and treatment method. These findings are interpreted with respect to different types of resistance to psychotherapeutic treatment both on the part of the patient and her family. In most cases a drop‐out has to be considered as a crisis‐related event in the treatment process. It does not only require specific attention, but also reconsideration of the whole therapeutic approach to anor

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1983.tb01542.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study investigated the use of self‐modelling in the treatment of obesity or overweight. Thirty‐two females enrolled in a private slimming club volunteered to participate in this study which was conducted over a period of 10 weeks. The experimental and control groups were similar as far as their pre‐treatment mean weights and desired mean weights were concerned. Analysis of the data indicated that towards the end of the study the experimental group lost significantly more weight than the control groups. At the end of the study, the average weight loss for the experimental group was 4.27 pounds, for the control group I, 2.45 pounds, and for control group II, 3.66 pounds. Analysis of follow‐up data collected six weeks after the end of the study confirmed this finding. At follow‐up the mean weight loss was 8.27 pounds, 2.78 pounds and 2.00 pounds for the experimental group, control group I and control group II, respectively. The data suggest that self‐modelling can be used in the control of addictive

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1983.tb01543.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1983.tb01544.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study set out to determine lay people's attitudes towards disabled people while specifically avoiding some of the major methodological problems of previous studies. One aim was to determine whether attitudes towards disabled people differed as a function of whether the handicap was physical or mental, and whether it was observable (visible) or not. A second aim was to determine whether the sex of the respondent or the type/amount of contact that he/she had had with disabled people affected their attitudes towards the disabled people. The results showed consistent differences between people's attitudes towards the physically as opposed to the mentally handicapped, with the former being seen more positively than the latter. However, the sex of the respondent and contact with the handicapped/disabled failed to show many significant differences. The results are discussed in terms of social interaction with disabled people.

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1983.tb01545.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Motion sickness (MS) has been inconclusively associated with personality and physical vestibular functioning in both males and females. The present work consisted of six tests: test of field dependency; pure balance test; motion sickness questionnaire; body steadiness test; primary suggestibility test; resistance to disturbance test. In addition the EPI was completed by a proportion of subjects. Male and female data for the 15 male and 15 female subjects in an age range 20 to 30 years, obtained from within Bedford College, University of London, were factor analysed separately.The results show that, firstly, field dependence, as understood by Witkin, is not associated with any of the measures investigated. For males, MS and resistance to disturbance appeared on the same factor and correlated significantly (r= 0.83,P<0.001; two‐tailed test). The same correlation in women was not significant (r= 017). For females, MS and neuroticism appeared on the same factor and correlated significantly (r= 0.62,p<0.05; two‐tailed test). The same correlation in men was not significant (r= 0.06). This suggests that MS in females is associated primarily with neuroticism, whereas in males it is associated with vestibular disturbance thresho

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1983.tb01546.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

There was considerable agreement between 50 psychiatrists in their choices of reasons to explain patients' overdoses after reading transcripts of interviews with self‐poisoning patients. The reasons attributed in each case were similar to those chosen by three psychiatrists in an earlier study. Most psychiatrists chose more than one reason for each case. Multidimensional scaling anlysis of the psychiatrists' choices across the cases suggested four groups of reasons: (a) directed at some significant person; (b) help‐seeking; (c) self‐referring; (d) suicidal intent. Future research could include the use of shorter lists of reasons, and should be directed particularly towards assessing the intended and actual effects of self‐poisioning behaviour on significant

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1983.tb01547.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Direction of hostility, as measured by the Hostility and Direction of Hostility Questionnaire, was found to be associated with poor compliance during a treatment trial of a new tricyclic antidepressant. An association with other factors such as the type and severity of depression was not found. There are other studies in the literature which support these observations although some controversy surrounds the role played by personality variables in adherence to treatment. Hostility has been shown to be a possible factor in the aetiology of depression, an important factor in the classification of depression, and a symptom of depression which improves with treatment. Hostility may have a particularly large importance in compliance with treatment for depression or may have been overlooked in studies in compliance with treatment for non‐psychiatric disorder

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1983.tb01548.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY