摘要:

The child's developing concept of a ‘boundary’ between an inner world of ‘self’ and an outer world ‘non‐self’ is central to a number of systems of psychodynamic theory. The notion of boundary is also essential to Piaget. Despite the evident importance of the subject, there have been few attempts to discover the age at which this concept emerges. This study of 40 urban Australian children uses the development of the concept of secrecy as a marker. Most children attained this concept during the fifth

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1988.tb02793.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The misleading public image of the martial arts masks a rich though esotetic psychological legacy containing informative parallels for contemporary psychotherapeutic concepts and practices. To date, empirical research on the martial arts has lacked sophistication in the questions it has posed and in the methodology adopted to answer them. Whilst not entirely consistent, findings from studies of martial artists' personalities, outlooks and behaviour have generally indicated positive psychological effects of training. Clinical and psychotherapeutic applications are at an exploratory stage but appear promising. As an exemplar the psychological facets of the art of Aikido are discussed, and prospective uses of martial arts principles as systemic or adjunctive therapies are considered.

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1988.tb02794.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Cognitive theories of depression are examined with respect to the relationship between cognition and affect, the assumption that cognitions are accessible and open to modification, and the adequacy of cognitive accounts of the onset and maintenance of depression. The role of social and familial factors in maintaining depression and the extent to which negative cognitions may be based on accurate perceptions of the social milieu are considered. The relationship between cognitive therapy for depression and cognitive theories of depression is noted.

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1988.tb02795.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Non‐hospitalized schizophrenic patients were administered a questionnaire designed to assess how they coped with various symptoms of their illness. Of the 200 subjects in the sample, 92 gave additional descriptions of coping techniques which they found useful in addition to those listed in the questionnaire. This report presents the latter findings and categorizes the range of coping techniques described. Patients used a variety of such techniques ranging across a spectrum of behaviour change, socialization, cognitive control and use of medical care as well as behaviours which were likely to have been identified by others as symptomatic of the illnes

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1988.tb02796.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Our aim was to study the relationship between Type A behaviour and the occurrence of life‐events in a large sample (n= 1003) of men aged 35–54. Over the whole sample, Type As reported more events during the past 12 months than Type Bs. This difference was found in the total score and in self‐initiated life‐events, but not in other‐initiated ones. The results were similar even if those who reported chronic illness or a severe attack of chest pain were excluded. The relationship varied, however, by age as well as by marital and occupation

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1988.tb02797.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

As a test of ‘control theory’, 75 Type A/B undergraduates completed a multidimensional health locus‐of‐control measure. Type A behaviour correlated significantly with beliefs regarding personal control over health, but not with beliefs regarding chance or powerful others. These findings suggest Type As' desire for control is multidime

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1988.tb02798.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A longitudinal evaluation of the degree and type of psychological distress was carried out in 50 geriatric medical in‐patients, using the Symptom Distress Checklist. They were tested within three days of admission, after 12–15 days of hospital stay, and 20–30 days after discharge. The first two evaluations showed significantly higher distress than the third for almost all the subscales. Scores indicating a significant depressive distress decreased from 70 per cent (first evaluation) and 76 per cent (second evaluation) to 34 per cent at the third one. The number of patients with significant distress for the other SCL‐90 subscales was, at the third evaluation, rather low. Our data hence seem to show that the phenomenon of psychological distress in the hospital setting is transitory, and mainly arises from the factors of ‘disease’ and ‘hospitalization’. However, in the case of some particular aspects of psychological distress, such as depression, whilst most patients overcome it, one out of three still presents a significant degree of suffering after

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1988.tb02799.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The occurrence and extent of grief‐like features were assessed in a sample of people who had been rehoused involuntarily. Answers indicating the following responses were reported by a proportion of those interviewed: intrusive thoughts (29 per cent), searching (22 per cent), anger (24 per cent), loss of self (56 per cent) and identification (38 per cent

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1988.tb02800.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Defence Mechanism Test, one of the better validated techniques for studying the operation of Freudian defences, has recently been impugned on theoretical grounds. This paper reconsiders two of the most telling points made by Kline (1987) and concludes that his alternative explanations are not well supported by theory or experiment.

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1988.tb02801.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Cooper attempts to refute my argument that the DMT may not measure defences but rather responses to it may reflect visual distortions. His arguments appear convincing but contain a logical flaw that runs through the literature on the DMT. This is that even if the DMT elicits defences, it does not mean that it elicits only defences. Nor does it mean that italwayselicits defences.

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1988.tb02802.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY