摘要:

Various different types of explanation that have been offered for so‐called possession states are reviewed. Patients continue to be seen who believe that they are possessed. A group of 16 such patients are described. The relative contributions of individual and cultural factors are discussed. It is concluded that in this group of patients, while cultural factors may exert a pathoplastic influence, the main causes of disturbance lie within the individua

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1980.tb02554.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Psychoanalytic and other literature relevant to the sibling relationship is reviewed. Cases are presented illustrating the role of feelings towards the sibling in psychotherapeutic practice. Three main areas are discussed: (1) the birth of a sibling as a ‘fixation point’; (2) the effect of the sibling on identity formation; (3) the role of the sibling relationship in treatment, especially the importance of acknowledging sibling riva

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1980.tb02555.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We describe the structure of the positive introject functionally as the ability to calm oneself. In elucidating the essential action involved in this function we focus on a certain kind of fantasying which allows a person to re‐experience a way of thinking about and feeling toward oneself that has occurred in the relation with a therapist and that was experienced as calming.Three clinical vignettes are presented. The same psychological event is occurring in each one. However, the mode varies from consciously to preconsciously to unconsciously. In the first two modes the process is made clear and the patient is enabled to practise the action until the function becomes reliably available. In the unconscious mode, which seems to be required in certain cases where the patient's internal actions are predominantly aggressive, the process is not made explicit to the patient. Nevertheless the function can develop adequately given enough time and care in titrating positive experiences.The requirement that patients assume the role of agent in developing particular functions may well be one of the important ingredients that helps them break out of chronicity. For the requirement represents the bridge from a passive, dependent mode typically associated with chronicity, to an active responsible mode associated with healthier functionin

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1980.tb02556.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The paper discusses the concept of transference in therapeutic relationships where the therapist is pregnant.Comparisons are made with other physical attributes of the therapist. The remarkable lack of literature to date is noted and the reasons for this discussed.Case histories illustrate some typical reactions and demonstrate the usual mixture of transference elements, those inappropriate and displaced and those which are firmly based in reality.

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1980.tb02557.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

It was hypothesized on the basis of previous findings (Adams‐Webber, 1977) that the meanings of the negative poles of constructs are more differentiated than are those of their positive poles. Forty subjects (20 females, 20 males) each completed a series of four repertory grid tests based successively on the positive poles of psychological constructs (e.g.happy); negative poles of psychological constructs (e.g.sad); positive poles of physical constructs (e.g.physically strong); and negative poles of physical constructs (e.g.physically weak). As predicted, there was significantly more differentiation (statistical independence) among the negative poles of psychological constructs than among their positive counterparts; however, this relationship was exactly reversed in the case of physical constructs. These results are discussed in relation to the notion that the logical extensions of the negative poles of physical constructs, and possibly those of the positive poles of psychological constructs, converge upon a common reference poin

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1980.tb02558.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1980.tb02559.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Freud developed the controversial idea that pregnancy has phallic significance for women. He theorized that one aspect of the natural development of femininity involves the substitution of the wish for a baby in place of a desire for a penis. Two exploratory studies are described testing whether there is a link between pregnancy and phallic imagery as Freud's theory indicates. Study I supported such a link by showing that a group of women produced significantly more phallic imagery, on an inkblot measure, during pregnancy than they produced in the non‐pregnant state. The pregnant women also produced significantly more phallic imagery than did a control group of non‐pregnant women. Study II supported a ‘penis‐baby’ link by showing that a group of women increased significantly in their phallic imagery under the impact of a subliminal pregnancy message while no increase occurred in a group of women receiving a subliminal message dealing with being penetrated. Alternative explanations for the findings are explored and issues are discussed in terms of other empirical findings related to Freud's ideas. The results suggest that Freud's speculations concerning pregnancy deserve further

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1980.tb02560.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper is a replication of a study in which we argue that class differences pertain not only to rates of mental illness but also to the recognition of symptoms of mental illness and to recommendations concerning what should be done by those exhibiting ‘disordered behaviour’. Our previous findings from a sample of two small West Texas communities indicated that class differences did hold for both recognition of and recommendations for help regarding behaviours which are commonly considered as ‘disordered’ by professional mental health personnel. We concluded that these differences were related to conditions of lower‐class life, particularly a sense of powerlessness. In this paper we hypothesize that in societies where the two classessharehigh powerlessness, the differences in response to disordered behaviour will be less pronounced. To test this thesis, we obtained data from lower‐ and middle‐class samples in Durango, Mexico, where both classes have been found to possess a high degree of powerlessness compared with the American sample. Findings lend support to o

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1980.tb02561.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Certain patient styles perpetuate chronic physical illness, defeat medical treatment, and increase the utilization of medical services. Two such extreme styles among asthmatic patients are indexed by the MMPI panic‐fear scale, reflecting either (a) helpless dependency and anxiety, or (b) excessive inappropriate independence. The present findings indicate that both of these patient styles are related to excessively high hospitalization rates during the two 1‐year periods after discharge from intensive treatment, even among patient groups having asthma of similar objective severity. The discussion centres upon the increased demand for medical services, and the need for early identification of patients whose personal styles contribute to the maintenance of illn

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1980.tb02562.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The possible relationships between early parental experiences and three adult characteristics regarded as having a care‐eliciting component (dependency, hypochondriasis and utilization of health care services) were examined in a study of 100 consecutive patients attending their general practitioner. Assessment of presumed ongoing fundamental parental characteristics was made, together with assessment of parental response to childhood illness in the subjects. Those scoring highest on each of the three dimensions under examination remembered one or both of their parents as highly likely to call a doctor in response to childhood illness in the subjects. Dependent subjects scored their fathers in such a way as to suggest an intense paternal involvement in their child. Those who scored high on hypochondriasis scored their fathers as highly overprotective and their mothers as highly caring. When ill they scored both parents as evidencing more sympathy, and their mothers as more likely to call the doctor, than parents of remaining subject

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1980.tb02563.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY