摘要:

It has often been claimed that psychological problems accompany infertility among some couples attending infertility clinics. Some authors have suggested that psychological factors may be a primary cause of infertility, others have suggested that the state of infertility itself can provoke psychological symptoms. The importance of psychological counselling for involuntarily childless couples has also been noted. This paper, which reviews studies that have attempted to investigate psychological aspects of infertility, is organized around three issues: psychological factors as a cause of infertility, the impact of infertility on psychological functioning, coping with infertility and the counselling needs of the infertile couple. While there seems little doubt that infertility has psychological consequences for some couples, many questions will remain unanswered unless carefully designed and conducted longitudinal studies are undertaken.

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1986.tb02686.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Most psychotherapists are neither active researchers nor consumers of research findings. Research approaches are needed which build a bridge between clinical realism and independent evidence, but which are applicable in National Health Service settings by clinicians lacking substantial research resources. A new method of clinical inquiry is described which combines measurement techniques developed in psychotherapy research with the therapist's session notes and client perceptions of helpful events in therapy. The method is illustrated by a case study which examines the content of helpful and unhelpful therapy sessions.

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1986.tb02687.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Previous analogue research with college students shows that therapists who make accurate predictions of their patient's behaviour are judged as more demonstrative of understanding their patient's problems than therapists who make reflections or request further information. The present study replicated this research and extended it by using psychotherapy out‐patients as subjects. Similar findings were obtained. Further, therapists who employed accurate predictions were judged as more likely to mediate successful therapeutic outcome

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1986.tb02688.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Three studies considered the predispositional role of impaired internal scanning in alcoholism. Scanning represents the person's sensitivity to internal stimulation and the extent to which the person utilizes internally generated information. The first study found that more acute alcoholic patients displayed poorer scanning than more chronic alcoholics. This finding contra‐indicates deficit scanning as an effect of alcoholism and suggests that this impairment antecedes the alcoholic disorder. Two further studies tested the possible antecedent status of deficit scanning. Adolescent wards of the juvenile court, judged to be more at risk for alcoholism, were poorer scanners than their counterparts with fewer drinking‐related problems. Male college students with a greater number of alcohol‐related problems also proved to be poorer scanners. It is proposed that limited scanning contributes to alcoholic vulnerability by depriving the person of information vital to the control of drinking beha

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1986.tb02689.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Otologists repeatedly state that patients suffering from Sudden Idiopathic Hearing Loss (SIHL) often have significant emotional problems or stressful living conditions. The study described here compared males and females suffering from SIHL with controls without any impairment of the inner ear. Personality data were gathered by means of Faschingbauer's Abbreviated MMPI (FAM). Stress factors were assessed by an Inventory of Stressful Life‐Events (ILE). SIHL patients reported more stressful life‐events, whose distressing effects lasted until onset of symptoms, than controls. There was no significant influence of personality upon report of stress. Stress factors and inability to cope with these seem to be important psychological factors in SIHL patients, while psychopathological disturbances may be important for some but not for the majority of ca

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1986.tb02690.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Psychological theories of stress suggest competing hypotheses for the predictive relationship between pre‐operative anxiety and post‐operative adjustment and recovery. Evidence is presented to assess whether linear or curvilinear (quadratic) relationships account for the associations between pre‐operative anxiety and post‐operative variables. These two hypotheses are tested on two samples of patients undergoing elective minor gynaecological surgery. Multiple regression analyses provided weak support for a linear, but not a curvilinear, relationship between pre‐operative anxiety and post‐operative anxiety but not with post‐operative outcomes other than anxiety such as pain or speed of returning to normal activities. Qualitative data are also presented which examine whether patients who show either low or high levels of pre‐operative anxiety differ in the nature of their fears of surgery or their preferred methods of coping with fear and with post‐operative pain. No evidence was found to suggest that patients with either high or low levels of pre‐operative anxiety differed in appraisal or coping strategies. There was little evidence that the beneficial effects of a special preparatory booklet on post‐operative adjustment and recovery were mediated by its influ

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1986.tb02691.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An analysis of smoking during adolescence using Winnicott's concepts of transitional object, transitional phenomena and intermediate area can illuminate how an individual manages the relations between the outer objective world and the inner world of subjective experience. Viewing smoking as a transitional phenomenon can yield diagnostic and therapeutic information and provide a better understanding of the psychological functions of smoking and the difficulties involved in giving it up.

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1986.tb02692.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Thirty‐five people admitted to hospital following deliberate self‐harm by overdose were interviewed. Patients rated several ‘reasons’ for making the attempt on 0–10‐point scales. The ‘reasons’ used were those derived by Bancroft and his associates (e.g. find out if someone loved me, make people understand how desperate I was feeling). The patients also completed Becket al.'s Hopelessness Scale. High hopelessness was associated with an increased wish ‘to die’ and ‘to get relief from a terrible state of mind’ but high and low hopelessness did not differentiate between other reasons, even the traditionally ‘manipulative’ ones. The intercorrelations between reasons suggested that in low hopelessness interpersonal reasons were the most central constructs, whereas in the high hopelessness patients, the escape

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1986.tb02693.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Body satisfaction was examined in four age groups of female British adolescents. Overall satisfaction with nine body features declined from age 12 to 18 years, particularly upper thigh, buttocks and stomach measurements. Although a shape ratio (weight divided by height) determined various aspects of body satisfaction in older girls, self‐perceived weight (underweight, OK, overweight) related more directly to body satisfaction. The results suggest that body satisfaction declines during adolescence and is linked to psychological self‐esteem and excessive diet

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1986.tb02694.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The personality characteristics of 77 patients seen in general practice with a Catego diagnosis of anxiety state (including phobic state) or depressive neurosis derived from the Present State Examination were compared with those in 77 normal subjects chosen at random from the list of the same general practitioner. Each patient was matched with a normal subject of the same age and sex. The personality characteristics were rated using the Personality Assessment Schedule, an interview schedule designed to elicit the premorbid personality of the subject. The neurotic patients had significantly higher scores for the personality characteristics of anxiousness, vulnerability, resourcelessness, hypochondriasis and other features commonly described as oral and hysterical. Schizoid features were absent in the neurotic group. The results suggest that there are common personality attributes in neurotic disorder and that these have clinical significance.

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1986.tb02695.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY