摘要:

The cost‐efficiency of psychotherapy research can be enhanced by (a) dissemination of the rationale and design of large‐scale investigations whilst still under way, (b) incorporation of process measures within comparative outcome studies, (c) cumulative development of a series of related studies, and (d) sharing of recordings and other data with other investigators. We present the rationale and design, including full details of process and outcome measures, of the second Sheffield psychotherapy project, in which 120 white‐collar, professional and managerial employees presenting with major depressive disorder receive either eight or 16 sessions of either prescriptive (cognitive/behavioural) or exploratory (relationship‐oriented) therapy in a 2 × 2 design. Ethical considerations prompted the analysis of preliminary outcome data on 48 clients. Results suggested substantial clinical improvement, of similar magnitude for both methods and both durations of treatment, except that exploratory therapy appeared more effective than prescriptive in relation to interpersonal difficulties. Other workers are invited to build collaboratively on this research by making their own process analyses of recordings available from this study, relating these analyses to the existing impact and outcome data, and developing comparable data sets based on the design and initial results of this

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1990.tb01603.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The case history of a patient with obsessive‐compulsive disorder who developed hysterical conversion and dissociative symptoms during exposure treatment is described. The theoretical implications of this finding are discusse

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1990.tb01604.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Twenty‐one clients were assigned to three conditions in a four‐month trial of once per week psychodynamic therapy. Clients in an imagery condition worked with subpersonalities elicited by psychosynthesis guided visual imagery. Clients in a non‐imagery condition worked in a similar way, but without guided imagery. The third condition was a minimal contact control group in which clients had all assessments (at baseline, mid‐point, outcome and follow‐up) but no active therapy. Mean outcomes in imagery and non‐imagery groups were significantly better than for the minimal contact group on target aims of therapy, and on self‐acceptance, but there were no significant differences between the imagery and non‐imagery groups. Repertory grids enabled the trajectory of each individual in therapy to be tracked in a conceptual space in which subpersonalities were related to people in the subjects' real lives. A case history of an imagery client who improved during the course of therapy is discussed to show these relationships and the utility of a combined nomothetic and idiographic

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1990.tb01605.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Similarities between alexithymia and Type A behaviour in terms of psychoanalytic personality theory were studied in 164 non‐acute surgical patients. The methods used were the Beth Israel Hospital Questionnaire, the Swedish version of the Jenkins Activity Survey and the Lazare‐Klerman‐Armor personality test. The results showed that alexithymia and Type A behaviour can be compared in terms of compulsive personality. The most evident difference was that certain hysterical features were related to Type A pattern but not to alexit

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1990.tb01606.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study examined the relationships of life‐events, coping strategies, and social resources on the one hand and self‐report of somatic problems following the stress of combat on the other. The sample consisted of 255 Israeli soldiers who suffered a combat stress reaction episode during the 1982 Lebanon War and were followed up one and two years after their participation in combat. Correlational analyses revealed significant relationships between life‐events, coping, and social resources and somatic complaints. However, regression analyses found that after prior somatization and current psychiatric status were controlled for, the level of perceived social resources was the only variable that significantly contributed to somatization. Theoretical and methodological implications of the findings are disc

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1990.tb01607.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Coping appears to function in the relationship between stressful life‐events and health. Factors that may influence an individual's use of a particular coping strategy, however, are not well understood. Coping consistency within individuals and across situations was examined in a longitudinal study of 74 independently living elderly persons, as were the effects of the type of event experienced, appraisal of its degree of threat, and demographic variables on coping behaviour. Correlational analyses indicated that coping responses were more a function of event type than of an individual's consistent style. A number of distinct life‐events were associated with particular types of coping responses. The degree of threat, one's expectation of the changeability of an event, and one's appraisal of possible courses of action were also correlated with specific coping behaviours. Age was negatively correlated with problem‐focused coping and total number of coping responses. This study suggests that the type of stressful event an individual experiences may be a more important general determinant of one's coping response than is one's overriding propensity to cope in a particula

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1990.tb01608.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study deals with the self‐rated impact of caring for a spouse with Alzheimer's disease at home. Impacts on the caregiver's marriage, work, recreation and mood were investigated as a function of the patient's disability level and of the coping resources which caregivers reported were available to and/or used by them.The patient's disability level had a more negative impact on the caregiver's marriage and recreation than did the coping resource variables whereas the reverse was true for work. The caregiver's work was the only life area in which the availability and mobilization of coping resources influenced the caregiver's level of depression. To clarify these results, additional regression analyses were conducted separately for homemakers and employed subjects. While mobilized coping resources (social activity level and homemaking activity level) were correlated with depression among homemakers, none of the indicators of mobilized coping resources was correlated with depression among workers. These findings suggest that the role in which stress occurs is an important factor in understanding stress and the coping proces

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1990.tb01609.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Psychosocial problems faced by parents and other family members were studied in 50 families with a physically disabled child (PD group), 50 with a mentally retarded child (MR group) and 50 with a healthy child (control group). A semi‐structured questionnaire assisted interview and standardized scales were used to measure social burden, marital adjustment and maternal neuroticism.Families with disabled children perceived greater financial stress, frequent disruption of family routine and leisure, poor social interaction, and ill effects on their physical and mental health as compared to families of control children. The overall social burden scores were significantly higher in both the groups with disabled children as compared to controls (mean scores PD 17.8, MR 14.6, C 0.72,p<.001), and showed a significant inverse correlation with the socio‐economic and educational status of parents. The neuroticism scores were also significantly higher (PD 23.7, MR 19.0, C 9.6,p<.01), and the marital adjustment scores lower (PD 75, MR 79, C 86,p<.01) in families with disabled children. Appropriate management of these problems should be part of rehabilitation program

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1990.tb01610.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Anxiety was scored with a questionnaire (HAD) in four groups of women: 18 mothers of psychotic children, 18 mothers of children with various motor handicaps, 13 mothers of children with Down's syndrome and a reference group of 13 women without handicapped children. High scores for anxiety were particularly common in mothers of psychotic children. All subjects were also tested with a percept‐genetic technique aimed at demonstrating anxiety evoked by a threatening stimulus and the defence strategies activated. In the total material, persons characterized by such anxiety signs and few defensive strategies in this test had high anxiety scores on the HAD scale (p= .03). A significant proportion (50 per cent) of mothers of psychotic children with high HAD anxiety scores had this characteristic response pattern. In mothers of children with other handicaps and with high HAD anxiety scores this combination was unusual (8 per cent). Percept‐genetic tests are claimed to be personality tests. The results may therefore indicate personality traits which are especially common among mothers of psychotic children and are associated with a disposition towards anxi

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1990.tb01611.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY