摘要:

The later work of Wittgenstein was a major contribution to the philosophy of mind. One theme in his writings was a critique of the assumption that reports of psychological experience in ordinary language can be regarded as descriptions of inner states and processes. Some implications of this critique for our understanding of descriptive psychopathology and the use of psychological models in psychiatry are examined.

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1987.tb02748.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Little psychoanalytic literature exists dealing with the formulation and evaluation of hypotheses in the therapeutic situation. This paper is an initial exploration and systematization of criteria presently in use. Hypothesis formation is discussed in terms of the accumulation of data and its recontextualization. Then follows an account of prevalidation, the silent evaluation of an hypothesis. Before an hypothesis can be turned into an intervention considerations of spoken form, order and timing must be taken into account. Finally, after intervening, post‐validation can occur: the evaluation of the hypothesis on the basis of the patient's response

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1987.tb02749.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

It was proposed that the greater time taken to dismiss intrusive compared with neutral thoughts is better explained in terms of a decreased ability to disattend to the intrusive thought than a decreased ability to access a more pleasant replacement thought. A study of 43 subjects with ‘normal obsessions’ using a methodology that controlled the valence and content of replacement thoughts provided support for this disattention hypothe

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1987.tb02750.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Psychoanalytically orientated writers have independently described an alteration in psychological functioning, which occurs in many pregnant women, and is probably best described as a shift towards a primary process mode of thinking. This literature is reviewed and an illustrative case history provided. Unlike affective changes during pregnancy, alterations in cognitive style have received little attention despite their significant diagnostic and psychotherapeutic implications. The phenomenon invites collaboration between the biological and psychoanalytic orientations within psychiatry further to investigate it.

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1987.tb02751.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Comparison of imagery was made between 20 hallucinating schizophrenics, 20 non‐hallucinating schizophrenics and 20 normal controls using Bett's questionnaire on the vividness of mental imagery and Gordon's test of the control of visual imagery. Hallucinating schizophrenic patients did not differ from non‐hallucinating schizophrenic or normal controls with regard to the vividness or control of imagery, indicating a lack of relationship between hallucinations and mental imagery. Although it indicates that there is no disturbance in the vividness of volitional mental imagery in schizophrenia, the presence of abnormal spontaneous imagery cannot be commented u

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1987.tb02752.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Anxiety was studied on four occasions over one year in 76 men under 66 years of age, who were admitted to hospital with a first acute myocardial infarction. Anxiety was measured by the Spielberger State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory, and by a self‐rating questionnaire. Average levels of State and self‐rated anxiety fluctuated over the study period with levels peaking after admission, falling at the fifth day, rising at six weeks, and falling to their lowest level at one year. Reported specific sources of anxiety, including the myocardial infarction, return to work, the future and possible complications, ranked highest in hospital and at six weeks post‐di

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1987.tb02753.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Cook‐Medley Hostility (Ho) scale (Cook&Medley, 1954) has been associated with increased risk for coronary heart disease (CHD). There is relatively little information about the psychosocial correlates of the Ho scale in clinical or adult populations, however. In this study, 132 patients (mean age = 53 years) referred for diagnostic coronary angiography completed a battery of self‐report questionnaires including the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), Hopkins Symptom Check List (SCL‐90), State‐Trait Personality Inventory (STPI), Type A Self‐Rating Inventory (TASRI), and Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS). Examination of the pattern of correlations among the Ho scale and the psychometric instruments revealed that the Ho scale may be viewed as tapping four general behavioural dimensions including anger and hostility, neuroticism, social maladjustment and ineffective coping style. These findings serve to further understanding about the psychological dimensions of hostility as measured by the Cook‐Medl

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1987.tb02754.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The records of the 3 1/2 year, five times weekly psychoanalysis of a diabetic teenager with recurrent diabetic imbalance were examined using non‐experimental single‐case design methodology. A selected set of analytic themes was operationalized and independently rated for each week of the psychoanalysis. A weekly index of the quality of diabetic balance was also obtained for the same period. Time series analysis was used to examine the relationship between psychoanalytic themes and glycosuria. Two themes of psychic conflict were found to predict short‐term changes in diabetic control. In the long term the verbalization of conflict was strongly associated with improved diabetic control. The results are discussed in terms of a psychoanalytic model of adaptation to dia

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1987.tb02755.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The research literature on patient perceptions of general practice consultations shows that, while patients are generally satisfied with the treatment they receive from doctors, they report less satisfaction with the amount and clarity of information they receive and doctors' expression of caring and respect. In the surgery, inadequate information transmission during the interaction also has the effect of increasing the level of anxiety reported by patients after their consultations. A communication skills programme was developed, incorporating variables from both the emotional and cognitive domains of the consultation. A group of GPs undertook training in this programme.It was hypothesized that patients of the trained doctors would report greater satisfaction and less anxiety, compared with patients of untrained general practitioners. Subsequent randomized interviews with patients of the trained doctors showed that these patients were significantly more satisfied with their consultations. Patients of the trained doctors also reported less state anxiety immediately following their consultations, as measured using the State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory.Attempts by doctors to communicate more effectively in consultations therefore increased patients' positive feelings and reduced anxiet

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1987.tb02756.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Counter‐transference reactions are frequently elicited while treating suicidal patients and they may contribute to the patient's committing suicide. Therapeutic constellations including the failure of the therapist to (1) cope with the patient's aggressiveness, (2) tolerate the patient's dependency, (3) handle the erotic transference adequately and (4) preserve loyalty towards the patient; they have all been identified as being responsible for a therapeutic impasse with fatal consequences. Knowledge of the therapeutic constellations especially prone to facilitate negative counter‐transference reactions may help the therapist to master them effectiv

ISSN:0007-1129    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1987.tb02757.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY