摘要:

lpsilateral and contralateral auditory brain stem responses were recorded from both ears of 10 neonates between 37 and 43 weeks from conception with normal auditory brain stem function. The most prominent component of the contralateral response was a forehead positive deflection occurring 0.3 millisecond before the ipsilateral wave 111 followed by two forehead negative waves, the latter present at the same latency as the ipsilateral wave V. The amplitude of the contralateral response was small: at 30 dB nHL only 7 of the 20 ears showed clear responses from this montage. The morphology of the neonatal contralateral response is thus considerably different than the ipsilateral, unlike the adult. A neonate could be mistakenly diagnosed as hearing impaired or neurologically involved if the interpretation is based on the contralateral recording.

ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study reports on the systematic audiological evaluation of 18 cardiac patients receiving tocainide, an orally administered cardiac antiarrhythmic agent. The results of an audiological site of lesion test battery were compared with auditory brain stem response (ABR) measures. Of 35 ears tested, 17 (48%) presented ABR findings consistent with retrocochlear pathology. Audiological signs of retrocochlear pathology occurred less frequently and often in patients in whom ABR results suggested normal hearing or cochlear hearing loss. These data demonstrate that an extraneous agent, in this case tocainide, can affect ABR transmission times and that it is important to recognize such possible effects in order to interpret ABR data appropriately.

ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study used epidemiologic methods to examine hearing loss in the elderly. The Framingham Heart Study Cohort was the reference population. The participants were 935 men and 1358 women, aged 57 to 89 years. Using a conservative definition of hearing loss as threshold levels greater than 20 dB above audiometric zero for at least one frequency from 0.5 to 4 kHz, the prevalence was estimated to be 83%. The majority of cases displayed a sensorineural hearing loss. There were no statistically significant differences by sex at 1 kHz and below. Women had significantly better hearing than men at 2 kHz and above. A multivariate model was constructed to determine which variables had a significant impact upon hearing loss. Under the model, age, sex, illness, family history of hearing loss, Meniere's disease, and noise exposure were significant population risk factors. Age was by far the most critical risk factor.

ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The speech sound discrimination abilities of 15 normal-hearing and 15 sensorineural hearing-impaired subjects between 55 and 65 years of age were assessed using videotaped presentations of the Nonsense Syllable Test (NST).10Stimuli were presented in auditory (A), visual (V), and auditory-visual (AV) modes. All subjects received the stimuli in two trials for each presentation mode; hearing-impaired subjects were unaided for the first, and wore their own hearing aids for the second. Responses were transcribed phonemically and were scored by the phoneme method. Intra-and interjudge reliability was >90%. Mean phoneme discrimination scores were plotted for each group across the three presentation modes. The results revealed that: (1) both groups' performance improved from V to A to AV modes, but differences were apparent in the amount of increase across modes within each group; (2) the NST differentiated between groups in the A and AV modes, but not in the V mode; (3) the NST identified “'poor” speechreaders in each group under both V and AV conditions; and (4) consonant errors in the V mode formed seven homophenous categories based on place of articulation. The NST can be a useful screening test in auditory rehabilitation to distinguish those hearing-impaired persons who naturally take advantage of visual cues from those who do not.

ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Thirty hearing-impaired patients compared monaural and binaural hearing aid use for a period of 4 weeks. Most of them preferred binaural hearing aids in quiet situations, but monaural hearing aids in noisy environments. Follow-up at 6 months revealed that 17 had purchased monaural hearing aids, 8 had purchased binaural hearing aids.

ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Cordless telephones have been reported to cause irreversible damage to the ear due to acoustic trauma. The present case study reports an unusual audiometric configuration associated with direct exposure to the ring from a cordless phone. Although pure-tone sensitivity was only moderately affected, speech understanding was severely compromised.

ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This research determined the influence of temperature on the output of two Bruel and Kjaer 4930 mechanical couplers using a Radioear 8–71, 8–72, and a Pracitronic KH 70 bone vibrator. When the temperature of the mechanical couplers was varied from 17°C (62.6°F) to 29°C (84.2°F) in steps of 3°C (5.4°F) and the bone vibrators had a constant temperature, the output of each mechanical coupler systematically decreased as its temperature increased for each bone vibrator type. The largest output differences for both couplers and each vibrator occurred at 4000 Hz. The average of these differences across the couplers and vibrators was 6.6 dB higher at 17°C than at 29°C which equates to a nearly linear output change of about 1 dB/2°C (1 dB/3.6°F). When the temperature of the bone vibrators was 17 and 29°C and the mechanical couplers were maintained at a constant temperature, there were little or no differences in the output of the mechanical couplers. The temperature of a mechanical coupler rather than that of the bone vibrator is a critical variable in bone conduction calibration. Mechanical coupler temperaturedependent output coefficients were determined for use in bone conduction calibration from 250 to 4000 Hz for all three bone vibrator types and at 6000 and 8000 Hz for the KH 70.

ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This investigation was carried out in an effort to characterize differences between groups of normal-hearing and hearing-impaired listeners on a speech perception test based on the theory of signal detection (TSD). TSD allows the quantification of two performance measures designed to evaluate listeners' ability to assess the accuracy of their own identifications and their level of confidence in the self-assessment task. It is hoped that these measures will provide a meaningful way to quantify communication skills beyond the percent correct word recognition score routinely measured in the audiology clinic. Nonparametric indices of self-assessment ability and confidence level, P(A) and B, respectively, were measured for ten normal-hearing and ten hearing-impaired subjects at two signal-to-noise ratios (S/N). In addition, percent correct word recognition scores (%C) were measured. Results indicated that %C differed across groups and across S/Ns. In contrast, P(A) and B differed as a function of S/N but did not differ between hearing-impaired and normal-hearing groups.

ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID