摘要:

Computer-assisted curve-fitting techniques were used to describe quantitative and qualitative characteristics of normal tympanometric shape. The data base consisted of sets of triplicate tympanograms, obtained at 2-week intervals, from 72 ears of children with normal middle ears enrolled in the first through the fifth grades. A nonlinear equation produced significantly better prediction of normal tympanograms (R2= 0.70) than did linear equations (R2<0.44), bringing into question the use of the latter in determining normality. The complexity of applying curve fitting in clinical practice led to the development of a qualitative technique to determine normality. An initial application of the technique as a screen in 76 ears subjected to myringotomy produced a sensitivity of 96% and a specificity of 83% with respect to identification of the presence of middle ear fluid.

ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Pure-tone and speech-band thresholds were compared for adults with varying degrees of sensorineural hearing impairments. The results demonstrated that the speech-band stimuli underestimated the degree of hearing loss in the high frequencies (2000 to 4000 Hz) for individuals with sloping audiometric configuration. Probable reasons for the threshold discrepancies and clinical implications of these findings are discussed.

ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This investigation was designed (1) to investigate further intermodulation distortion in hearing aids, and (2) to determine the effects of this type of distortion on speech intelligibility. After four hearing aids were analyzed for intermodulation distortion, 10 CID sentences were recorded through each instrument and presented to both normally hearing and sensorineurally impaired listeners. Results indicated an inverse relationship between levels of intermodulation distortion and frequency, with highest distortion levels found below 1 kHz. This low-frequency distortion significantly interfered with speech intelligibility for sensorineurally impaired subjects listening to sentences in quiet. For both the normally hearing group and the sensorineural group listening in noise, no significant differences were found. The results were interpreted to suggest that the low-frequency intermodulation distortion resulted in an upward spread of masking which interfered with perception of high-frequency acoustic cues in sensorineural impaired listeners; however, with the addition of a competing signal, the subtle masking effects of intermodulation distortion were obscured. Implications for additional research are discussed.

ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Two investigations were conducted in an attempt to devise an improved set of auditory brain stem response (ABR) latency norms for premature infants. The first study utilized the responses of 130 infants to develop conventional ABR wave V latency norms for different conceptual ages. In addition, three sets of alternative norms were devised which utilized both waves 111 and V and used ABR interwave intervals as measures of brain stem maturation. A second study examined how well each of the four sets of latency norms predicted the ABR latencies of an additional group of 131 normal-hearing infants. The results of this second study demonstrated that norms utilizing wave 111 and the 1–111 interwave interval as an indicator of brain stem maturation were more sensitive than conventional norms, which provide expected wave V latencies for different conceptual ages.

ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The use of auditory brain stem response (ABR) represents a new dimension in auditory and neurological pediatric assessment. Because the ABR may be altered by stimulus and procedural variables, the lack of an established standard has reduced its clinical efficiency. This paper describes a suggested ABR protocol for infants. Included are stimulus and electrode considerations, measurement criteria, and procedures. In addition, ABR results are presented from 124 newborns ranging between 40 and 49 weeks gestational age. The effects of age and intensity on latency and amplitude are discussed.

ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Temporal integration was measured indirectly by obtaining threshold-duration functions with children (8 to 12 yr) who have sensorineural hearing impairment. Thresholds were obtained by an ascending technique at three frequencies (500, 2000, and 4000 Hz) and at three durations (25, 100, and 200 msec). The threshold-duration functions were flatter than those obtained previously on normal-hearing children, and steeper than those previously obtained on hearing-impaired adults. Implications for clinical usage of brief-tone audiometry with children are discussed.

ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Children's response to communicative failure was evaluated in terms of linguistic and nonlinguistic behaviors. Six hearing-impaired and six normal-hearing children served as subjects. Each group was comprised of three children at each of Brown's language stages I and 111. Each child was engaged in spontaneous play and received the communicative failure cue “What?” on 20 occasions. Videorecorded responses were scored as repetitions, revisions, or no responses. Revisions were analyzed and categorized into one of nine categories according to linguistic and nonlinguistic structures. Results revealed that both groups of subjects used linguistic and nonlinguistic information in this revision behavior. However, the two groups differed in their pattern of revision behaviors. The hearing-impaired subjects, unlike the normal-hearing subjects, used less linguistic revision behaviors regardless of language development. Findings showed that the nonlinguistic as well as linguistic information may be important considerations when evaluating language with the hearing impaired.

ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The relationship between the calibration tone and speech volume unit (VU) levels for nine commercially recorded speech tests was studied. Two procedures were used. In procedure 1, experienced clinicians reported observations of four different audiometer VU meters responding to six commercially available speech tests. Differences in magnitude estimates among judges were usually about 1 dB or less. Peak VU level deviations from the zeroed calibration tone were within k1.5 VU except for the Fulton Lewis Jr. recording, which varied by about −4.8 VU. In procedure 2, a video system was used to record precisely VU meter responses to clinical speech materials. Differences between the calibration tones and speech levels were similar to those obtained using multiple observers. Statistically significant (p 5 0.01) differences were found between the speech levels of the commercial test recordings.

ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A case study is presented illustrating an island of hearing sensitivity within the range of normal limits, between 1000 and 2000 Hz, in a child with an otherwise moderately severe flat sensorineural hearing loss. The area of near normal hearing sensitivity was first detected at age 8 yr, 11 mo. Before the discovery, the discrepancies between pure-tone and speech audiometry, in the hearing aid evaluation and the child's speech and language skills, had created significant confusion resulting in multiple reevaluations and significant misdiagnosis by several clinicians.

ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID