ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Ototoxicity associated with administration of cisplatin was assessed in four groups of patients suffering from advanced ovarian carcinoma. The purpose was to determine the influence of dosage, schedule of administration, and long-term treatment on pure-tone thresholds and other auditory parameters. One hundred and forty-five serial audiograms were obtained in 60 patients and compared with baseline audiograms. The treatment protocol consisted of two different dosages (low—50 mg/m2and high—100 mg/m2) and three different schedules of administration (short—6 months, extended—12 months, and treatment in blocks—intervening months in which cisplatin was witheld). Using a conservative definition of auditory toxicity and statistical analyses of pure-tone threshold differences between groups, the results indicated that the low dose-short treatment regimens with either monthly administration of cisplatin, or administration in blocks, were the least ototoxic. Ototoxicity was found to increase with increasing cumulative dosages. Hearing loss was primarily in the high frequencies. The most severe ototoxic effects, which include tinnitus and hearing loss in the speech frequency range, were associated with the administration of high dosages over a short period of time. Individual variability in susceptibility to ototoxicity necessitates systematic audiometric monitoring throughout therapy.

ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A battery of speech audiometric measures and a battery of neuropsychological measures were administered to 200 elderly individuals with varying degrees of pure-tone sensitivity loss. Results were analyzed from the standpoint of the extent to which variation in speech audiometric scores could be predicted by knowledge of pure-tone hearing level, age, and cognitive status. For the four monotic test procedures (PB, SPIN-Low, SPIN-High, and SSI) degree of hearing loss bore the strongest relation to speech recognition score. Cognitive status accounted for little of the variance in any of these four speech audiometric scores. In the case of the single dichotic test procedure (DSI), both degree of hearing loss and speed of mental processing, as measured by the Digit Symbol subtest of the WAIS-R, accounted for significant variance. Finally, age accounted for significant unique variance only in the SSI score.

ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Noise-induced hearing loss following a broadband noise exposure has been characterized by a notch in the audi-ogram in the 3.0 to 6.0 kHz range. It has been postulated that loss of sensitivity in this frequency range is related to the primary resonant frequency of the external auditory meatus. In order to further explore this hypothesis, 31 normal-hearing subjects provided measurements of acoustic gain of the external ear and temporary threshold shift (TTS). Subjects completed sweep frequency Bekesy tracking procedures prior to and immediately following a 30-minute broadband noise exposure (95 dBA). The frequency maximally affected by the noise exposure (Max lTS) was correlated to primary resonant frequency of the outer ear (Max RF). A significant positive correlation between these two measures was identified. A 100 Hz difference in Max RF resulted in approximately a 140 Hz change in Max TTS. Thus, the external ear plays a significant role in the frequencies affected by a broadband noise exposure.

ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study demonstrates degradation of a modulated speech-like signal in a typical listening environment as measured by the new Bruel and Kjaer Rapid Speech Transmission Index (RASTI) System. Thirty-four adults were seated in a typical college classroom. Measurements of the RASTI signal were made at 17 different seating locations. Results showed that the speech-like signal was substantially degraded, even at the front-row center seat. Loss of critical speech information was greater at less favorable locations. These results suggest that because hearing aids cannot amplify nonexistent speech information, the effects of distance must be considered when fitting amplification systems.

ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study examined test-retest reliability of infant auditory thresholds in a single evaluation session. Eight- to 11-month-olds were assessed in both operant and nonoperant audiometric procedures. Operant testing produced an average of 8.5 thresholds. Mean threshold level did not shift significantly over the course of the operant session, although some individual threshold functions varied from the group trend. Nonoperant assessment yielded two or more measures of threshold for only a portion of the subject group. The pattern of repeated measures for this subgroup showed a significant upward shift in threshold level.

ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Thirty-three hearing-impaired individuals were each fitted with three hearing aids. The instruments conformed to three frequency-gain prescriptions, differing by a total of 8 dB/octave, with the middle prescription derived using the MSU version 3.0 procedure. The subjects were divided into three matched groups of eleven. Each group used the fitted hearing aids in one of three everyday listening environments representing quiet, reverberant, and noisy situations, respectively. In each listening environment, preferred hearing aid gain for conversationally produced speech was measured in each hearing aid condition for each subject. Preferred gain in daily listening situations was compared to prescribed gain. Results indicated that: (1) preferred gain averaged across all three environments was about equal to prescribed gain, (2) mean preferred gain in each separate environment was substantially different from the prescribed level, (3) volume control adjustments of about ±8 dB relative to the prescribed level would be necessary to accommodate the preferred gain settings of the typical hearing aid wearer in daily life. Guidelines are presented for establishing recommended volume control settings for hearing aid users who may be unable to set the volume control independently.

ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Hearing aid benefit was measured for three matched groups of eleven hearing-impaired subjects, each serving in one typical listening environment. Benefit was quantified in terms of improvement in intelligibility score for the Connected Speech Test. Each subject was individually fitted with three hearing aids, differing in nominal frequency response slope by a total of 8 dB/octave. Research questions centered on the amount of benefit typically realized in everyday environments and the interactions of this benefit with frequency response and/or visual cues. Results revealed: (1) mean benefit in a living-room type setting was about 24% and significantly greater than in a reverberant setting (7%) and a noisy setting (-1%); (2) despite the relatively large mean difference in benefit between the reverberant and noisy environments, the difference was not statistically significant (p >0.05); (3) the addition of visual cues did not change hearing aid benefit in any tested environment; (4) there was no significant overall trend for any of the three different frequency-response slopes to give superior benefit in any environment; (5) 76% of the subjects achieved significantly different benefit (p c 0.05) in at least one hearing aid condition when data were considered on an individual basis; and (6) articulation indices in the aided conditions did not successfully predict the observed within-subject benefit differences. Benefit was significantly related to speech reception threshold in the living-room environment. However, in the less favorable environments, benefit and hearing loss were not related despite the fact that benefit varied considerably across subjects.

ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Loudness discomfort levels (LDLs) have been advocated as a means for selecting the SSPL90 setting of an individual's hearing aid. Kawell, Kopun, and Stelmachowicz (Ear Hear 1988; 9:133–136) recently developed a procedure to measure LDLs in children. Several procedural cautions, involving the hearing aid stimulus delivery and sound field calibration, have been noted with this method. As a means of overcoming these problems, a new method utilizing insert earphone derived stimuli delivered to a child's ear-mold with probe tube microphone monitoring of real-ear sound pressure level was explored. Twenty children, aged 7 to 14 years, served as subjects. The advantage of the present method lies in the procedural conveniences and the ability to compare real-ear audiometric measures and hearing aid performance.

ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID