摘要:

The present study investigated the effects of adventitious deafness on perceptual judgments of segmental and suprasegmental speech production skills. Subjects were 25 adventitiously deaf and 10 normal-hearing adult male speakers. Twelve subjects were classifed as aidable profound (AP) and 13 subjects were classified as unaidable profound (UP). Each subject was judged by 15 listeners, first on seven speech and voice variables and, second, on whether they were adventitiously deaf or normal-hearing and, if adventitiously deaf, if speech rehabilitation was warranted. Both the AP and UP adventitiously deaf subjects were judged significantly different from each other and from normal-hearing subjects on all seven variables. They were, in hierarchical order: intonation, pitch, rate, nasality, vowel duration, articulation, and intensity. Aural rehabilitation was judged to be warranted in 49% of the speakers identified as being adventitiously deaf, specifically 26% of the AP speakers and 74% of the UP speakers. This finding indicates that auditory information is a necessary component for maintaining accurate speech and voice production abilities following onset of profound hearing loss after the acquisition of an adult phonological system.

ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Several scales exist for screening handicap and assessing rehabilitation in elderly individuals with hearing loss. There are few comparative studies, however, to suggest which scales perform best. Using receiver-operating curves and responsiveness indices, we examined the relative discriminating ability and sensitivity to detect change of four scales: a long and short version of the Hearing Handicap Inventory in the Elderly (HHIE-L, HHIE-S), and a long and short version of the Revised Quantified Denver Scale of Communication Function (RQDS-L, RQDS-S). All scales were administered to 137 elderly veterans with hearing loss and 101 elderly veterans without hearing loss. Follow-up testing to determine relative ability to detect change was assessed in hearing impaired individuals only after they had used a hearing aid for 4 months. Discriminative accuracy for correctly identifying individuals with hearing loss were: HHIE-L 78%, HHIE-S 79%, RQDS-L 73%, and RQDS-S 74%. Overall differences between the HHIE-S and the RQDS-S were not statistically significant (p = 0.06). True positive results were greater with the HHIE-S compared to the RQDS-S (p = 0.03). Responsiveness indices were: HHIE-L 1.78, HHIE-S 1.86, RQDS-L 1.04, and RQDS-S 1.07. Differences between the HHIE-S and the RQDS-S were statistically significant (p < 0.05). We conclude short versions of the HHIE and RQDS are as accurate and sensitive for detecting change as long versions, and the HHIE-S is a superior versatile instrument for screening and assessing rehabilitation in elderly individuals with hearing impairment.

ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Intratester test-retest reliability of insertion gain was determined on 28 subjects using the Frye 6500 real-ear analyzer. Results revealed mean differences of less than 1 dB for repeat measurements at six test frequencies between 250 and 4000 Hz. Also, over 80% of the repeat measures were within ±3 dB of the first measure. The results of this study are compared with previous studies of intratester reliability of insertion gain measures.

ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Automatic Gain Control (AGC) on the speech perception of hearing-impaired listeners with varying degrees of reduced dynamic range. Linearly amplified and AGC recordings of the CUNY-Nonsense Syllable Test (CUNY-NST) were constructed in quiet and in noise. They were presented to 30 subjects with flat to gradually sloping sensorineural hearing loss separated into three groups of ten by mean width of dynamic range for puretones. Analysis of the CUNY-NST scores revealed that: (1) AGC significantly improved speech perception in quiet for the subjects with narrower dynamic ranges; (2) the improvement in speech perception with AGC in quiet was dependent upon the manner of articulation of the stimulus; (3) consonant confusions in quiet for AGC were more often due to place errors compared to the linear condition which may be a reflection of a reduction in distinctive feature errors; and (4) linear amplification resulted in higher CUNY-NST scores than did AGC in the presence of background noise.

ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In April 1985, an updated processing strategy became available for the Cochlear Corporation Nucleus cochlear implant. Whereas the original strategy codes only fundamental frequency, amplitude, and information in the second formant region, the newer strategy also codes frequencies in the first formant region. This investigation evaluated the speech recognition skills of five subjects who were experienced with both designs. On average, the addition of first formant information improved word identification in an audition-only condition and improved spondee recognition in noise. Scores for the NU 6 Monosyllabic Word Test and the Sentence Test Without Context improved from 8% (2–12%) to 28% words correct (10–42%), and from 31% (10–45%) to 64% words correct (39–84%), respectively. Scores for the Four-Choice Spondee Test in noise improved from 37% (25–50%) to 75% (45–90%). The percent correct scores for the Iowa 14-ltem Consonant Confusion Test in an audition-only and vision-plus-audition condition did not vary with the change in processing strategy. However, an information transfer analysis performed on the responses to the consonant test in a vision-only and a vision-plus-audition condition suggested that the newer strategy enhances the transmission of the voicing, duration, and envelope features.

ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study is a follow-up of an 1980–1982 study that examined the occurrence of risk factors and the patterns of identification and habilitation in a group of hearingimpaired infants from an urban setting. Current findings covering the period 1983–1988, indicate that only one out of three hearing-impaired infants can be expected to be identified through audiological screening programs in Neonatal Intense Care Units (NICUs) and although the age at diagnosis for NICU graduates is significantly earlier than for Well Baby Nursery (WBN) graduates, age at enrollment in a parent-infant program for both NICU and WBN infants is around 20 months. Over the 8 year period covered by our two studies, the age hearing-impaired infants are enrolled in habilitation has remained a year or more later than the 6 month ideal recommended in 1982 by the Joint Committee on Infant Hearing.

ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study investigated the effects of click polarity on threshold detectability (threshold level in dB SL) of the auditory brain stem response (ABR). ABRs were obtained from 10 normally hearing adult subjects in response to rarefaction and condensation clicks presented from 0 to 10 dB SL in 2 dB steps. An objective response signal-to-noise estimator, known as Fsp, was the dependent variable. ABR detectability functions (Fspby dB SL) were not significantly influenced by click polarity. Conclusions can only be drawn for normally hearing adults. For this population, click polarity does not affect threshold detection with the ABR.

ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Intergender differences in auditory brain stem response (ABR) latencies have been attributed to intergender differences in head size. We examined ABR data obtained clinically and head dimensions measured from mastoid to mastoid and mastoid to vertex to derive horizontal and vertical vectors which might scale lengths of horizontally and vertically oriented pathways, respectively. Correlations with ABR latencies were all somewhat weak, and slopes of regressions were found to be too small to fully account for intergender latency differences. Head-size matched male and female samples also demonstrated significant differences in wave V latency, and, even in cases with relatively large heads, the use of a head-size correction could not be justified. The coupling between head dimensions and the I-V interpeak interval appears to be small enough to be ignored for clinical purposes. Nevertheless, to the extent to which relationships exist between head dimensions and ABR latency measures, this nonpathologic variable may be completely neutralized through the use of interpeak latency ratios (e.g., wave V latency divided by wave I latency).

ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Two-channel recordings of the brain stem auditory evoked potential (BAEP), for example, forehead to ipsilateral mastoid and forehead to contralateral mastoid, presumably provide “views” of the generators from different, nearly orthogonal, directions. The two channels thus are expected to register somewhat different waveforms, as revealed by past research. Still, the absolute latencies of the peaks are expected to be strongly correlated between channels. To test this notion, correlation analyses were made of the latencies of positive and negative peaks of normal-appearing BAEPs. The results demonstrated the expected high correlations for brain stem components but less tight coupling between peaks of waves of more peripheral origins. The possible influence of residual noise also was considered. Implications of the findings for clinical and multichannel recording applications are discussed.

ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate auditory eventrelated potentials, and related long latency components, in children with auditory processing disorders, and to compare these results with a normal group matched for age, intelligence, and gender. Results showed a significant latency increase for the N1, P2, and P3 components in the processing disordered group. Furthermore, the interpeak latency interval P2-P3 was significantly longer in the clinical group. In terms of amplitude measures, only P3 amplitude differed significantly between groups. These results suggest that the long latency potentials may be useful in the assessment of children with processing disorders.

ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID