ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The Minimal Auditory Capabilities (MAC) Battery was administered individually to 75 hearing aid users with profound sensorineural hearing loss. The purposes of the study were (1) to determine the reliability of the individual tests, their range of difficulty, and their intercorrelations; (2) to undertake a standardization procedure based on data from this population; and (3) to assess the need for revisions. Difficulty ranged gradually from a mean score of 86% correct for the Spondee Same/Different test to a mean of 16% for the NU 6 monosyllabic word test. Alpha estimates of reliability were 0.89 or higher for all but the Everyday Sounds test (0.85), the Question/Statement test (0.83), and the Spondee Same/Different test (0.81). Along with the reliability and range of difficulty results, intertest correlations provided no indication that any of the tests should be discarded. In the standardization of the MAC, the mean score correct on each test was set at 100 and the standard deviation at 10. Prepared tables for immediate conversion of a raw score to a standardized score for any test are included in an Appendix. Among revisions, also listed in the Appendix, the CID Everyday Sentences test was reduced to 20 items from 40, the SPIN High-Context Sentences were assigned key words, and the assessment of distinctive feature identification was discontinued.

ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A comparison was made between speech recognition performance in conditions of quiet and babble (Speech Perception in Noise Test) and items from a self-assessment scale concerned with communication ability in quiet and noise (Understanding Speech section of Hearing Performance Inventory). Performance on both the speech recognition and self-assessment tests differentiated between normal listeners and individuals with mild-to-moderate sensorineural hearing loss. For the hearing-impaired group, correlations between speech recognition scores and ratings on the self-assessment items were poor, suggesting that performance measured with these tests have only a weak relationship.

ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study was designed to discover if chronic hypoxemia produced measurable deficits in subjects' ability to process complex auditory stimuli. In Part I, a group of normal middle-aged subjects and a group of middle-aged subjects with hypoxemia secondary to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were compared with respect to their performance on a central auditory test battery. (The test battery included the Staggered Spondaic Word, Synthetic Sentence Identification with Ipsilateral Competing Message, Synthetic Sentence Identification with Contralateral Competing Message, Memory for Unrelated Words, Memory for Sentences, and a Competing Sentence-Binaural Separation Test). The COPD group's scores were significantly poorer than the normal group's on two of the six tests. The pattern of test scores suggested that chronic hypoxemia produced its principle deficiency at the brain stem level. Part II of this study examined the specific relationships between pulmonary function, arterial blood gas levels, and central auditory performance in this same group of COPD subjects. Statistical analyses revealed that subjects with better pulmonary function and higher arterial blood oxygen levels had better performance on tests of central auditory function.

ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

An elderly patient with presbyacusis was tested on four occasions over a 9-year interval. Although there was little change in peripheral hearing sensitivity, central auditory function declined substantially. Diminished success as a hearing aid user seemed to parallel the change in central function. Results suggest that the central changes were auditory-specific rather than generalized cognitive in origin.

ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Sixty children (120 ears) were evaluated using reflectometry, pure tones, immittance, otologic examination, and pure-tone air and bone conduction thresholds. Comparisons were made between the various screeners. Reflectometry was found to be the least sensitive and the least specific of the procedures. Results were then examined within each diagnostic category to determine test aggreement with the otologists' judgments. The reflectometer categorization was found to be inconsistent with the otologic findings. Finally, the reflectometer was compared to each of the other screener results and pure-tone thresholds. The test results were significantly correlated but showed high over-and under-referral rates for the reflectometer. Seventy-eight children and adults (156 ears) were screened in a second study. Again, the acoustic reflectometer did not perform adequately as a general screening tool. When only cases of middle ear effusion were screened, the acoustic reflectometer did not perform as well as immitance.

ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The directional characteristics of a male and a female voice in the horizontal plane were measured in an anechoic room. Results were compared with the only two other studies known to have been done using human subjects. The results of the three studies agree very well. The directional characteristics of two loudspeakers were also measured. One loudspeaker, about the size of the human head, did a fairly good job of emulating the directional characteristics of the human vocal source. Another large loudspeaker did a very poor job. The directional characteristics of a manikin designed and evaluated by Olson (1972. J. Audio. Eng. Soc. 20, 446–451) agreed well with the averaged results from the three studies of human talkers.

ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Ipsilateral and contralateral acoustic reflexes were studied in neonates using 220 and 660 Hz probe tones and 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz activators. Activator sound pressure level was measured in all ears. Ipsilateral and contralateral reflexes were detected three times more frequently with a 660 Hz probe tone than with a 220 Hz probe tone. The maximum detection rate (76%) occurred with 1000 and 2000 Hz ipsilateral activators and the 660 probe tone. There was no significant difference between neonatal and adult ipsilateral thresholds at 500, 1000, and 4000 Hz. Neonatal intrameatal sound pressure levels for ipsilateral activators were found to be significantly higher than would be indicated from the otoadmittance meter manufacturer's specifications.

ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The Eustachian tube swallow test (ETST) proposed by Williams (1975. Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol. 84, 339–343) and Bluestone (1975. American Electromedics Corp, New York) was performed on both ears of 62 otologically normal young adult participants in a scuba diving course. The results of the ETST were evaluated according to various pass-fail criteria. A 95% pass rate was achieved only when applying the most lenient criteria, those which considered a minimal shift in either tympanometric peak pressure or amplitude. There was no relation between the subjects' performance on the ETST and the otoscopic evidence of barotrauma after an actual dive. The ETST was of no practical value in screening prospective divers.

ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID