摘要:

Short-term memory was examined in a subject with a multichannel cochlear prosthesis. Serial recall for lists of digits revealed what are widely regarded as the principal hallmarks of echoic memory, namely the recency effect and the suffix effect. Thus, probability of recall increased for the last one or two digits, except when a nominally irrelevant but spoken item was appended to the to-be-remembered list. It appears, therefore, that a multichannel cochlear implant can give rise to not only the perception of but also an echoic memory for, speech. As with normal subjects, the suffix effect did not occur with a nonspeech suffix, implying that the echoic memory from the prosthesis shows normal sensitivity to the distinction between speech and nonspeech.

ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Retest stability of the Communication Profile for the Hearing Impaired (CPHI) was assessed in a sample of 101 active-duty military personnel who attended the Aural Rehabilitation Program at Walter Reed Army Medical Center. Pretests were administered by referring audiologists; retests were administered from 6 to 40 weeks later, at the beginning of the rehabilitation program. Mean scores on 5 of the 25 scales of the CPHI decreased significantly (p< 0.01) over time, but the changes were small in magnitude (± - 0.20). Distributions of retest-test differences were used to establish criteria for inferring significant improvement in scores over time. Retest correlations for scales in the communication environment, communication strategies, and personal adjustment areas ranged from 0.58 to 0.78. Communication performance and communication importance were less stable (± = 0.28 to 0.54). Retest correlations were comparable for short versus long retest intervals, but varied as a function of military rank. Implications of the results for clinical use of the CPHI are discussed.

ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study was designed to investigate the reliability of real-ear measurements of sound pressure level (SPL) and to compare these values with two coupler measures of SPL. A commercially available probe tube microphone system was used to measure real ear SPL in both children and adults. Test-retest reliability decreased as a function of frequency for both groups and, in general, was slightly poorer for the children. For both groups, coupler to real ear differences were larger for the 2 cm3coupler than for the reduced volume coupler; however, no significant differences were observed between groups. In addition, a measure of ear canal volume was not found to be a good predictor of coupler to real ear discrepancies.

ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Until very recently, aural rehabilitation programs designed specifically for workers with occupational hearing loss were nonexistent in the Province of Quebec. A pilot study has been conducted to test and develop suitable services for these workers and their spouses, and to explore the factors causing them to seek (or on the other hand, avoid) professional assistance. A trial rehablitation program was set up for this purpose. Results of a questionnaire conducted among program participants showed that the main factors leading to enrollment in the program were the acknowledgement of moderate or severe hearing handicap and the recognition of the need for help (particularly with problems such as tinnitus and stress, and in using strategies to facilitate communication). These results lend support to the idea of adopting a new approach to rehabilitation services for occupational hearing loss workers. According to the findings of the study, only a very small percentage of workers and spouses participated in the rehabilitation program, despite measures taken to adapt it to their needs. Low enrollment in the rehabilitation program suggests the need for: (1) a more well-defined target population, (2) strategies to promote greater understanding, awareness, and acceptance of hearing handicap on the part of occupational hearing loss workers and peoples surrounding them, (3) education at the work place and in society in general to increase motivation and awareness of the benefits of aural rehablitation services, (4) integration of the program within the general health program in the work place, (5) measures to enhance the credibility of professionals in the rehabilitation services, (6) general and specific programs and follow-up services, and (7) more accessible services.

ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Hearing sensitivity was assessed in 20 children who were diagnosed as having symptomatic neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection. The subjects were seen as part of an interdisciplinary project that included audiological, medical, visual, and developmental assessments. Audiologic procedures consisted of behavioral and/or auditory brain stem tests and immittance audiometry. Eighteen children were found to have normal hearing and 2 were documented as having sensorineural hearing impairments. Similarities in the manner in which HSV and congenital cytomegalovirus affect the auditory mechanism are discussed.

ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Inexperienced normal hearing listeners judged the inteligibility and quality of hearing aid processed speech using magnitude estimation. Four trials were conducted for each judgment type at two S/N ratios, 0 and 7 dB. There were no significant effects due to judgment type, S/N ratio or trial; however, noticeable differences in the variability of these factors were apparent. Inter-and intrasubject standard deviations for quality estimations were lower than for intelligibility estimations while intersubject standard deviations were greater at 0 dB than at 7 dB S/N ratio and decreased over trial. Overall intrasubject variability was greater than would probably be acceptable for clinical applications. Across hearing aid conditions, magnitude estimations were positively correlated with word recognition scores but were less affected by changes in S/N ratio.

ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Three studies compared the performance of the ER-3A Tubephone insert earphone and the TDH-50P-MX41/AR supra-aural earphone. The three factors addressed were: threshold differences in children 7 to 10 yr old compared to adults, differences in real ear attenuation, and threshold differences in the presence of high background noise levels. The influence of insertion depth of the ER-3A Tubephone was also investigated. Findings showed no significant threshold differences between children and adults, significantly better real ear attenuation for the ER-3A Tubephone, and significantly better thresholds for the ER-3A in the presence of high background noise levels. Most critically, there was a significant change in attenuation characteristics of the ER-3A Tubephone, which was dependent on the insertion depth of the eartip.

ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In the present study derived auditory brain stem responses utilizing high pass masking were used to determine the frequency dependence of interear asymmetries and binaural interaction. Eight female adults with normal hearing participated in this study. The ABR was recorded for right and left ears and binaurally with clicks alone and in the presence of high pass masking noise with the following cutoff frequencies: 4000, 2000, 1000, and 500 Hz. Derived responses were obtained by successive waveform subtractions and were analyzed for significant right/left asymmetries, for latency and amplitude, utilizing a statistical method discussed by Spivak (unpublished doctoral dissertation, City University of New York, 1985). The binomial test revealed that the frequency of latency and amplitude asymmetries was not significantly above chance levels for the unmasked measures or for any of the derived bandwidth measures. The binaural interaction component (BIC) was obtained utilizing the method proposed by Dobie and Berlin (Arch Otolaryngol 1979:105:391–398), and was expressed as a percentage of the true binaural. Analysis of variance revealed no significant differences in the ratio of the BIC amplitude to the true binaural amplitude as a function of the high pass masking cutoff frequency. The present data suggests that for the frequency bandwidths analyzed in this study, there are no specific frequency dependencies of interear asymmetries or binaural interaction in the human ABR.

ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Auditory brain stem responses were recorded in full term infants (N= 465) and in unselected preterm infants (N= 178) who were tested in, respectively, 10 and 12 age groups from birth until 5 yr. The latencies of waves 1 and V as well as the wave I-wave V delay and the wave V to wave I amplitude ratio were compared at the various age groups. It was found that the mean absolute latency values in the preterm group were significantly longer than for the full term group up to about 2 yr of age. In contrast, the I–V delay and the amplitude ratio were not different. It is concluded that prematurity does not cause a different rate of maturation for the ABR compared to full term infants. In addition, it is suggested that the differences in absolute latencies can be explained on the basis of a higher incidence of otitis media in the preterm population.

ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Temporal response to a simulated rapid change in acoustic immittance was recorded from 13 aural acoustic-immittance devices. Ten measures of latency were obtained from the responses. The derived temporal data showed considerable variance across instruments. The variance was affected by the site from which the temporal response was recorded in the instrument and in one case by differences among samples of the same model.

ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID