ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

To provide insight into the behavioral characteristics of people who listen excessively to loud music, the 32-item Northeastern Excessive Music Listening Survey was developed and administered to 90 subjects. Results indicate that 8 of the 90 subjects scored within a range that would suggest the presence of a maladaptive pattern of music-listening behavior similar to that exhibited by substance abusers. Implications for further research and models of treatment are discussed.

ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Objective:To determine the relation between the masking level difference (MLD) and the interaural time delay of the stimulus in children with a history of normal hearing and with a history of otitis media with effusion (OME).Design:MLDs for a 500 Hz pure tone presented in a 100 Hz-wide masking noise were determined as a function of the interaural delay of the masker (six interaural delays between -726 µsec and +998 µsec were examined). For the masker with zero interaural delay, the signal was presented either interaurally in-phase or 180° out of phase. For the masker delay conditions, the signal was given the same interaural delay as the masker and then was inverted interaurally. All children had normal audiograms at the time of testing. Ten children had a history of normal hearing and seven children had a history of OME.Results:Similar to what has been found previously in adults, children with a history of normal hearing showed the maximum MLD (approximately 16 dB) for an interaural time delay of 0 µsec, with the MLD decreasing as a function of interaural time delay (by as much as 4 to 5 dB for the extreme delays). Children with a history of OME had significantly smaller MLDs than normal for the three smallest interaural delays but did not differ significantly from normal at the three largest interaural delays.Conclusions:The form of the function relating masker interaural time delay to MLD magnitude is adult-like by age 6 yr. The function indicates a binaural advantage for the processing of sound near auditory midline. This advantage is less apparent in children having a history of OME.

ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Objectives:1) To evaluate transient evoked otoacoustic emission (TEOAE) test performance when measurements are made under routine clinical conditions. 2) To evaluate TEOAE test performance as a function of frequency and as a function of the magnitude of hearing loss. 3) To compare test performance using univariate and multivariate approaches to data analyses. 4) To provide a means of interpreting clinical TEOAE measurements.Design:TEOAEs were measured in 452 ears of 246 patients. All measurements were made after acoustic immittance assessments, which were used to demonstrate that middle-ear function was normal at the time of the TEOAE test. TEOAE amplitudes and signal to noise ratios (SNRs), analyzed into octave bands centered at 1, 2, and 4 kHz, were compared with the pure-tone threshold at the same frequencies. Data were analyzed with clinical decision theory, cumulative distributions, discriminant analyses, and logistic regressions.Results:Using univariate analysis techniques, TEOAEs accurately identified auditory status at 2 and 4 kHz but were less accurate at 1 kHz. Test performance was best when audiometric thresholds between 20 and 30 dB HL were used as the criteria for normal hearing. TEOAE SNR resulted in better test performance than did TEOAE amplitude alone; this effect decreased as frequency increased. Multivariate analysis methods resulted in better separation between normal and impaired ears than did univariate approaches, which relied on only TEOAE amplitude or SNR when test frequency band and audiometric frequency were the same. This improvement in test performance was greatest at 1 kHz, decreased as frequency increased, and was negligible at 4 kHz.Conclusions:TEOAEs can be used to identify hearing loss in children under routine clinical conditions. Univariate tests accurately identified auditory status at mid and high frequencies but performed more poorly at lower frequencies. The decrease in performance as frequency decreases may be result of increased noise at lower frequencies but also may be due to properties of the measurement paradigm ("QuickScreen," high-pass filter at 0.8 kHz), which would not be ideal for recording energy around 1 kHz. The improvement in test performance when SNR was used and the interaction of this effect with frequency, however, would be consistent with the view that test performance in lower frequencies is at least partially influenced by the level of background noise. Multivariate analysis techniques improved test performance compared with the more traditional univariate approaches to data analysis. An approach is provided that allows one to assign measured TEOAE amplitudes, SNRs, or outputs from multivariate analyses to one of three categories: response properties consistent with normal hearing; results consistent with hearing loss; hearing status undetermined.

ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Objective:To investigate the effect of increased levels of background noise on click-evoked otoacoustic emission (CEOAE) recordings and to compare the effectiveness of the default CEOAE program with the QuickScreen CEOAE program in increased levels of noise, using an Otodynamics ILO88 recording device.Design:The right ears of 40 young adult women with normal hearing were assessed using CEOAEs under four different noise conditions and with two different methods of data collection. The noise conditions were in quiet, 50 dB A, 55 dB A, and 60 dB A of white noise. Data were collected at each noise level in the default mode and also using the ILO88 QuickScreen program.Results:There was a significant change in a number of important CEOAE output parameters with increased noise. In the default mode, mean whole wave reproducibility was 89.2% in quiet but declined to 85% with 50 dB A of white noise, 65% at 55 dB A and 20% at 60 dB A. The QuickScreen program proved more robust to the effects of noise than the default. In that mode, mean whole wave reproducibility was 91.7% in quiet, 92.5% with 50 dB A of white noise, 82.5% at 55 dB A and 45% at 60 dB A.Conclusions:The findings of the study indicate ambient noise levels for accurate CEOAE recording should not exceed 50 to 55 dB A of noise and alternatives to the default program should be considered in non-sound-treated situations.

ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Objective:To assess the accuracy of: 1) distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) measures for the identification of frequencies at which auditory sensitivity is normal or near normal; and 2) click and nonmasked tone burst-evoked auditory brain stem response (ABR) thresholds for behavioral threshold estimation for children with sensorineural hearing loss characterized by islands of normal sensitivity.Design:DPOAEs and ABRs were recorded from five hearing-impaired and eight normal-hearing pediatric ears. The accuracy with which DPOAEs permitted identification of frequencies at which elevated hearing thresholds were present was examined. ABR and pure-tone threshold differences for the impaired ears were calculated.Results:For three of the five hearing-impaired ears, significant impairments would have been missed based on click-evoked ABR thresholds. One of those hearing-impaired ears provided an essentially normal 500 Hz tone burst-evoked ABR threshold as well. Four of the hearing-impaired ears provided a 500 Hz tone burst-evoked ABR threshold within 10 dB of the respective pure-tone threshold. However, click-evoked ABR and 500 Hz tone burst-evoked ABR threshold data did not adequately delineate the hearing loss configuration for hearing aid frequency response selection.DPOAEs were present at three out of four frequencies from 1000 to 4000 Hz at which sensitivity was normal or near normal (≤25 dB HL) and absent at 10 out of 11 frequencies at which sensitivity was impaired. The use of DPOAEs to identify frequencies at which sensitivity was normal and the use of tone burst ABR thresholds at frequencies where DPOAEs were absent provided a better estimate of these pure-tone audiograms than was provided by click-evoked and 500 Hz tone burst-evoked ABR thresholds.

ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Objective:A shortened version of the 66-item Profile of Hearing Aid Performance (PHAP), consisting of the 24 items from the Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit, was evaluated as an alternative to the full PHAP questionnaire as a measure of hearing aid performance. Objectives were to: 1) statistically determine factors underlying Abbreviated PHAP (APHAP) scores; 2) recommend modifications to the questionnaire, if indicated by the factor analysis; 3) compare scores for the PHAP and APHAP; and 4) determine the suitability of the abbreviated questionnaire for New Zealand hearing aid users. The relationship between hearing aid performance and subjective variables and other measures of hearing aid success also was investigated.Design:PHAP data, hearing aid satisfaction ratings, and reported daily hearing aid use were obtained from experienced adult hearing aid users. Factor analysis was carried out for the 24 APHAP items, and two items were excluded because of low factor loadings. After this modification, APHAP and PHAP scores were compared. Pearson's correlation values were determined for PHAP and APHAP data and degree of hearing loss, hearing aid satisfaction, and hours of hearing aid use.Results:APHAP hearing aid performance was better described as three factors rather than four subscales. PHAP and APHAP results were consistent with previous studies and showed that hearing aid performance was best for easy listening situations and poorest for noisy and/or reverberant conditions. Similar trends were seen for PHAP and APHAP data. APHAP scores were correlated with hours of hearing aid use and overall hearing aid satisfaction.Conclusions:A shortened, 22-item APHAP is a preferred alternative to the full PHAP, producing data representing several dimensions of hearing aid performance. Modified APHAP scores can be used together with overall satisfaction and estimates of daily hearing aid use to measure success with hearing aids.

ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Objective:To compare the recognition of vowels and sentences in noise by cochlear implant patients using a 6-channel, continuous interleaved sampling (CIS) processor and by normal-hearing subjects listening to speech processed in the manner of the implant processor and output as six amplitude-modulated sine waves.Design:Subjects, 11 normal-hearing listeners and 7 cochlear implant patients, were presented natural vowels produced by men, women, and girls in /hVd/ context and sentences from the Hearing In Noise Test (HINT) lists at +15, +10, and +5 dB signal to noise ratio (SNR) for identification. Stimuli for the normal-hearing subjects were preprocessed through a simulation of a 6-channel implant processor and were output as the sum of sinusoids at the center frequencies of the analysis filters.Results:For the multitalker vowels, four of the seven patients achieved scores within +/-1 standard deviation of the mean for normal-hearing listeners at +15 and +10 dB SNR. At the +5 dB SNR three patients achieved scores within +/-1 standard deviation of the mean for the normal-hearing listeners. For the HINT sentences, four of seven patients achieved scores within +/-1 standard deviation of the mean for the normal-hearing listeners at +15 dB and at +10 dB SNR and two achieved scores within that range at +5 dB SNR.Conclusion:Our results extend the range of stimulus conditions, from quiet to modest amounts of noise, in which the CIS strategy allows the best performing patients to extract most, if not all, of the information available to normal-hearing subjects listening to speech processed into six channels.

ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0196-0202    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID