ISSN:0907-2055    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2397.1995.tb00080.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0907-2055    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2397.1995.tb00081.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The year 1995 marks the tenth anniversary of the beginning ofperestroikain Russia. The country has paid with its health for all the social, economic and political reforms. The chronic state of social stress, which is already in its tenth year, has led to a sharp growth in alcoholism and drug addiction, an increasing prevalence of neurosis and psychosomatic diseases and an increase in the death rate and decrease in the birth rate. This is the degeneration of the Russian nation. Alcohol stimulates and alcoholism indicates the process of self‐destruction of the population. Unfortunately, there are no accurate statistics on alcohol consumption and problems in Russia today, as there is no state monopoly on alcohol production and sale and no common drug treatment service for the whole country. According to generalized estimates from epidemiological investigations, the average prevalence of alcoholism is 200–250 per 1000 adults, but this differs significantly in different professional groups: 10% of the workers in the nuclear energy industry suffer from alcoholism, 35% of the sailors, 22% of the workers in the machine‐tool industry and 42% of the people working in the woodworking industry. There is one woman alcoholic for each 5 men. On average, only 1 of every 7 alcoholics seeks medical and social aid. The main cause of alcoholism is alcoholism itself ‐its uncontrolled and expanding reproduction. The investigation of alcoholism is being intensively removed from the clinical to the social sphere. It can be explained by understanding the role of social and psychological factors in the origin and development of alcoholism and the harsh socio‐economic consequences and moral damage. The appearance of a new class of specialists ‐ social workers ‐ in Russia in 1991 was predetermined by these factors. The main objective of social workers is to fight social diseases and alcoholism in particular as the most terrible social disease of the Russian Federation. The history and place of alcohol in modern Russian culture, the stages and forms of the development of alcoholism and its ethnocultural peculiarities in different social strata of the population are described in this article. The reasons for and consequences of alcoholism are systematized, and the principles and directions of the activity of the social services in dealing with the treatment of alcoholism and rehabilitation of the disease

ISSN:0907-2055    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2397.1995.tb00082.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

When are parents “unfit” to care for their own children? As in many other countries, social workers in England and Sweden have the unenviable task of forming such judgments. On behalf of society at large, social workers must balance the rights of parents to providecontinuingcare with the responsibilities of the state in ensuringadequatecare of children. They are involved in professional judgments which are also inherently political. In both England and Sweden social workers are able to seek legal orders which, if granted, permit compulsory removal of children against the wishes of parents. In such cases social workers are centrally involved in processes which remove ordinary rights of citizenship from their fellow members of society. The rights of parents and children, together with the responsibilities of the state to each class of citizen, are clearly in focus: intervention in family life requires both grounds and legitimation. But what is the basis of intervention in the two societies? Social work practices in Sweden and England suggest very different answers to this question. In explaining these differences it is necessary to address much broader variations of social and political culture in the two societies. In so doing, variations in social work practice can be located in different cultural values and systems of legitimation. Instabilities and pathologies of professional practices can also be identified within both England and Sweden. These too are quite different in the two societ

ISSN:0907-2055    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2397.1995.tb00083.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Vignettes are short descriptions of a social situation or a person that embrace references to what are thought to be the most important factors in the decision‐making of respondents. This article presents vignette data showing that social workers in Leicester, England and in Örebro, Sweden make different assessments when they are confronted with information about an immigrant family. One leading feature of the data is that all the respondents in Leicester immediately think that the information about the situation of the family might be false or malicious just because the family are immigrants. Another leading feature of the data is that a majority of the social workers in Örebro consider the information to be correct. Many of these social workers relate the problem to the family's cultural background. The empirical data are interpreted with concepts borrowed from the fields of culture and organization research, respectively. The most leading features of the data are interpreted in terms of ethnocentric, bureaucratic‐minded social workers (in Örebro) and culturally relativistic, client‐oriented social workers (in Le

ISSN:0907-2055    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2397.1995.tb00084.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The article attempts to assess social stress in Estonia at this time of transformation. The hypothesized model of social stress is based on the stress and coping model of Lazarus&Folkman and Borden and is applied as a frame of reference to the investigation. One thousand adult respondents from the Household Budget Survey were involved in the survey in March and April 1993. The factor analysis revealed 4 factors that determined coping with stress: frustration, passivity, happiness and future orientation. Cluster analysis of the respondents confirmed that 41% of the men's and 30% of the women's samples represented groups of risk of higher levels of distress. The findings provide support for the hypothesized model of social stress and indicate that multiple social change is the central source of stress for people living in Estonia.

ISSN:0907-2055    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2397.1995.tb00085.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In industrialized societies the war against drugs tends to develop into a war that concretely strengthens control by the state over potentially dangerous classes. This is also true for Italy. In 1988, Bettino Craxi, now under investigation for a series of serious crimes, but at the time the powerful leader of the Socialist Party, launched a crusade against drugs. After about 18 months of moral panic campaigns, Law No. 162 was passed. Its ideological keystone is the section forbidding the personal use of narcotic or psychotropic drugs. Its officially declared objectives are to reduce the drug trade, to increase access by drug addicts to the services and, of course, to reduce the number of deaths by overdose. The available evidence, however, does not prove that these objectives have been reached. Rather, the true motivations must be sought elsewhere: in the attempt by the political class to regain legitimacy and thus consensus.

ISSN:0907-2055    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2397.1995.tb00086.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0907-2055    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2397.1995.tb00087.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0907-2055    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2397.1995.tb00088.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0907-2055    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2397.1995.tb00089.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY