ISSN:0907-2055    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2397.1994.tb00056.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Early retirement is a central bridge between permanent work and standard pension age. During 1988‐1989, 10% of all private Norwegian companies, employing about 20% of all employees, had made use of early retirement schemes, mainly as a means of reducing staff. A central question is whether early retirement creates welfare or reduces it for the early retirees. Case studies of 4 companies and panel studies of potential early retirees have been used to throw light on these questions: what are the experiences of those involved, and do they wish to leave work or is leave taken involuntary? Only 1 of 7 early retirees adapted poorly, mostly due to poor health, a strong work orientation combined with unfilled expectations for part‐time work and the feeling that they had no choice but to accept the offer. The majority seem to adjust fairly well to life as a pensioner, especially if they have some part‐time work. Besides high financial compensation, satisfaction with early retirement depends on whether the scheme is regarded as legitimate in the community and the individual considers the transition to be meani

ISSN:0907-2055    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2397.1994.tb00057.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

It has been frequently discussed whether the Swedish disability service system is efficient and whether it meets the demands of equity. The costs of the system for support and service were recently estimated to be USD 11 billion. This article describes the welfare situation for disabled people compared with the general population in Sweden. The Swedish disability service system has managed to provide disabled people with a disposable income over the subsistence minimum in Sweden, but also in the same range as for the general population. In other welfare parameters, disabled people appear to have great welfare losses compared with the general population. Evaluations of handicap technologies (such as service and support) aiming to reduce or compensate for these welfare losses have to meet the requirements of equity and efficiency of the Swedish disability service system.

ISSN:0907-2055    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2397.1994.tb00058.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This article draws on literature about the quality of life and social relations to integrate a number of key concepts. Fifty‐three former patients were interviewed to give their opinion on their quality of life. Almost as many professionals gave their opinion on the same issue. According to the former patients, the quality of life was influenced by duration of and stigma attached to mental illness, being without work, financial difficulties, inability to exert influence over their own situation and negative expectations of the future. Illness patterns seemed to be the all‐pervading issue concerning the professionals' views on the former patients' quality of life. A social psychological analysis of these disparate views made it clear that they bring about contrasting claims; the professionals demanded continuation of a patient role whereas the former patients mostly wanted to find some means of embarking on ordinary useful li

ISSN:0907-2055    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2397.1994.tb00059.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The vignette technique was used in a cross‐cultural comparative study of the delivery of personal social services in the United Kingdom and Sweden. In this article we discuss the major premises of using the vignette technique in cross‐cultural comparative social research. In total, 247 vignettes were collected, 165 in Örebro. Sweden and 82 in the United Kingdom (73 in Leicester, England and 9 in the rural areas of Bangor, Wales). The vignettes were filled in by social workers working in the sector of child and family care. Since this technique is seldom used in cross‐cultural comparative studies, it was necessary to develop a model for interpreting cross‐cultural data. In this article we consider methodological and practical aspects of the method adapted for cross‐cultural social work research. A preliminary survey of our empirical data demonstrates the usefulness of such a model in understanding cross‐cultural data. However, the empirical data will be presented in a l

ISSN:0907-2055    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2397.1994.tb00060.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A case‐finding study was carried out in 1992 to determine the prevalence of drug abuse in Sweden. Several authorities in 100 local communities and 59 police districts were selected to participate in the case‐finding research. The number of heavy drug abusers was estimated to be 17,000. Heavy drug use is defined as “any intravenous use of drugs, regardless of substance, or any daily or near‐daily use of drugs, regardless of the method of administration”. The study was designed to make the results comparable to a similar study in 1979 in which the number found was 12,000. According to the studies, the number of heavy drug abusers increased by 5000 between 1979 and 1992. The age distribution shows that the recruitment of abusers has declined, especially among you

ISSN:0907-2055    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2397.1994.tb00061.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The logic of Sweden's restrictive drug policy has led its advocates to promote increasingly extreme measures. Making the consumption of drugs not only a criminal offence but an imprisonable one has enabled the authorities to subject suspected drug users to urine and blood tests. This extreme policy can be understood as a response by a society so obsessed by health, cleanliness and order that drug use has taken on symbolic significance. In its determination to rid the social body of drugs, the Swedish authorities have shown that they will seek our pollution by whatever measures available. In doing so they are in danger of becoming repressive and intolerant.

ISSN:0907-2055    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2397.1994.tb00062.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Sweden's policy on psychoactive drugs has the objective of creating a society free of drug misuse in which drug misuse remains socially unacceptable and marginalized conduct. A drug‐free society is a vision that expresses an optimistic and positive view of people. The spread of drugs can be stopped and drug misuers can be rehabilitated through social measures that ensure that the drug problem is not reduced to a question of individual responsibility. Since it is difficult to rehabilitate people once they have started misusing drugs, society's preventive efforts must begin as early as possible. During periods in which public opinion is more rejective of drug misuse, recruitment of new misusers declines, which is a reasonable argument for maintaining a negative societal attitude towards the use of drugs. Sweden has a well functioning drug policy with strong public support that is an integral part of Sweden's general social policies, and there is no reason to abandon this polic

ISSN:0907-2055    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2397.1994.tb00063.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0907-2055    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2397.1994.tb00064.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0907-2055    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2397.1994.tb00065.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY