ISSN:0907-2055    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2397.1994.tb00224.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

There is little substantive information on the present trends on drug use in the countries of central and eastern Europe, including Hungary. There has been a substantial change in recent years in the illegal and legal use of psychoactive substances: the western type of drug trade and drug use has begun, with the influx of the classical drugs (heroin, cocaine, amphetamines, LSD and hashish). In addition, a study based on data obtained from all district physicians shows that the rate of regular use of psychoactive substances is very high in the parts of Hungary with poor infrastructure. This “poverty” drug use, together with the poppy cult and the traditions of grape cultivation and wine drinking could be a serious obstacle to the wider spread of western type drug use in Hung

ISSN:0907-2055    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2397.1994.tb00225.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This article gives a picture of the difficulties of defining poverty and setting up a poverty line in a post‐communist country in the period of transition to democracy and a market economy. The ongoing processes are linked with the deterioration of living standards and wellbeing of the population. The government has attempted to protect the population socially, accepting a subsistence minimum and later a crisis subsistence minimum. It is difficult to argue that the activities of the government have been successful and helped much in improving the living standards of the population of Latvi

ISSN:0907-2055    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2397.1994.tb00226.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This article describes, discusses and presents information about tax expenditure and its relation to social policy. It stresses that the hidden welfare state strongly influences social policy and that only looking at the direct provision of welfare goods may be misleading when making comparisons between countries. The article presents new figures on tax expenditure in relation to social policy and does so in a comparative perspective. It is argued that tax expenditure seems to have an upside down effect, but further research is needed to substantiate this. It concludes that tax expenditure strongly influences the provision, financing and delivery of social policy, and tax expenditure therefore has to be more fully integrated into the analysis of the welfare state.

ISSN:0907-2055    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2397.1994.tb00227.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This article shows the influence of ethnicity (people born outside Sweden and in Sweden) and social class (socioeconomic class) on the distribution of diagnoses, consultation time and health care utilization in primary health care controlled for sex, age, marital status and educational level. The study was designed as a prospective primary health care utilization study during 7 consecutive weeks. Of a total of 439 adults who lived in the residential area, 290 were born in Sweden and 149 were born elsewhere. The data were analysed unmatched with logistic regression and Poisson regression in main effect models. People born outside Sweden received significantly more diagnoses per consultation than people born in Sweden. The strongest independent risk indicator for musculoskeletal disease was being born outside Sweden, with an estimated odds ratio (OR) of 5.01, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.70–8.72. Age over 44 was associated with increased odds for musculoskeletal disease. Respiratory disease, as an indicator of less serious disease, were significantly less common among people born outside Sweden (OR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.33–0.87). Being born outside Sweden was a risk indicator for consultations longer than 30 minutes (OR = 3.03, 95% CI=1.18–7.43). There were no differences between people born in Sweden and those born elsewhere in health and utilization. Social class was not associated with any of the dependent vari

ISSN:0907-2055    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2397.1994.tb00228.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This article is based on my study of rationality and language games in social work. The study focuses on the actors of social welfare and health care. Included are the heads and social workers of public welfare and health care agencies and institutions, officials of voluntary organizations, and activists in social change‐oriented action groups. The objects of this study also differ with respect of their official status, area of responsibility, and position at work. The study tries to increase the understanding of the basic rationalities which are guiding social work as part of the daily routines, and of how the actors articulate and legitimate themselves, one another and the others, i.e. clients etc. The empirical data were collected using questionnaries. The study shows that organizational affiliation and area of concern do not bring about a systematic variation in the views of the respondents. The results then indicate the existence of a specific culture, a code of social work. The actors legitimate themselves according to system rationality. The system is considered to be outside the immediate scene of social work practice, which is articulated according to life‐world premises. In client‐centered social work, the external controlling and administrating system rationality threatens life‐world aspects by neglecting social work as a process based on involvement, dialogue and

ISSN:0907-2055    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2397.1994.tb00229.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A study aiming at presenting the effects of increases in work strain during war and crisis on the home help service organization within the social service sector in Stockholm was carried out in 1991. This has given rise to a discussion about achieving the goals for the organization in war and crisis. Organizations are supposed to encompass qualities that allow them to achieve operative goals even if operative conditions are changed. The principle underlying preparedness planning is the maintenance of peace‐time functions in organizations during war and crisis, although such functions may be restricted. Changes influencing preparedness planning within the social service organization include ongoing organizational restructuring in terms of decentralization and increases in private enterprising within the municipal social service sector. Two factors of decisive importance to organizational appropriateness are information generation and information processing. The results from the study show deficiencies within the organization's ability to generate and process information between different organizational levels about demands put on the organization in situations of war and crisi

ISSN:0907-2055    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2397.1994.tb00230.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The 26th International Conference of the International Council on Social Welfare was held in Tampere, Finland on 3–7 July 1994. The theme of the conference was Global Welfare ′94. The conference adopted the following declaration, which was drafted by the Finnish Organization Committee in collaboration with Pol.Lic. Ronald Wi

ISSN:0907-2055    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2397.1994.tb00231.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0907-2055    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2397.1994.tb00232.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0907-2055    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2397.1994.tb00233.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY