ISSN:0907-2055    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2397.1996.tb00130.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This article describes crucial lessons learned on community social services from the great Hanshin earthquake, including negative and positive aspects. The Hanshin quake brought about the biggest urban disaster Japan has experienced since the Second World War. The character of the disaster problems and response measures differed from the emergency stage (in the aftermath of the quake) to the relief stage (roughly until the end of March 1995) and the restoration and reconstruction stage (thereafter).

ISSN:0907-2055    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2397.1996.tb00131.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

During the last decade, the concern about poverty has turned into a key issue in the government discourse, and participatory poverty programs have multiplied all over Latin America. Nevertheless, poverty and social unrest keep growing. The objective of this article is to explain this apparent paradox. First there is an analysis of the relationship between structural adjustment, the growth of poverty, and the reorientation of broad social policy away from social rights towards selective and targeted poor relief. In order to illustrate the content and operation of a typical Latin American poverty program, the Mexican National Solidarity Program is examined. The initial question posed is whether this program alleviates poverty and grants a social minimum for the poor in view of the magnitude of poverty, the quantity of resources and their allocation. Next the participatory approach of the program is analyzed in relation to the empowerment of poor groups and communities. Finally, there is a reflection on the place of social work in this program and how the role of the social worker has been transformed.

ISSN:0907-2055    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2397.1996.tb00132.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0907-2055    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2397.1996.tb00133.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The popular image of work and working in Scandinavia is highly contradictory. One discourse stresses the strict work ethic of Scandinavian people and the participation of the whole population in wage labor. Another discourse says that welfare states have undermined the motivation of people in Scandinavian to work. This article explores the argumentation of both discourses and compares the industry of people in Finland, Norway and Sweden with the situation in other OECD countries. The picture that unfolds is contradictory: Scandinavia has a high labor market participation rate, but Norwegian people nonetheless work only comparatively few hours, Finnish people work long hours, while Swedish people fall somewhere in‐between. Overall, the people of Scandinavia are certainly not the most hard‐working in the world, but the amount of work does not seem to correlate directly with the national standard of liv

ISSN:0907-2055    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2397.1996.tb00134.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The number of welfare recipients among people of working age increased from 1985 to 1992 in Sweden. Unexpectedly, this increase also took place under the economic boom during the late 1980s, characterized by very low unemployment. This is shown in a study of a 10% representative sample of the Swedish population. Not only has the number of welfare recipients increased, there has been a parallel increase in the relative number of people who are gainfully employed. This trend prevails until 1991, when the employment rates start going down. Until then, the development is characterized by growing polarization (bifurcation) into those who depend on work for their subsistence and those who depend on transfer payments from the welfare system. The development of welfare dependence has been different for men and women. The reasons for this development are discussed. Data about the increasing cost of social security are also presented, showing that the welfare system has not been in any immediate economic crisis from 1985 to 1993.

ISSN:0907-2055    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2397.1996.tb00135.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0907-2055    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2397.1996.tb00136.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0907-2055    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2397.1996.tb00137.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study analyzes how the work tools of child protection services influence social work with child abuse. The article is empirically based on records, observations of the daily social work and interviews with families. The work tools include 1) rules and 2) professional knowledge and methods. The results show a complicated picture of how work tools are mixed. People‐processing, i.e., the transformation of families to administrative categories, can only be achieved by professional diagnosis because of the complexity of family conflict. The diagnostic discourse, however, is rarely theoretically argued, but mixes loose diagnostic categories with narratives of actual events and moralistic statements. It is argued that the treatment of families is politically determined. Nevertheless, there is a room for maneuver for professional ideals and skills. The study suggests that this freedom of discretion does not seem to be used extensively. Solutions seem to be chosen within the narrow repertoire of legislative recommendation

ISSN:0907-2055    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2397.1996.tb00138.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Social work students (n=39) were shown 10 videotaped client situations prior to and after participating in a communication skills training course. At both times, they were asked to write proposals for helpful answers for each of these situations. Proposals made by a sample of 15 students were analyzed with regard to patterns in their answers before and after the training course. These 15 were selected by using quantitative data identifying those students who changed their level of communicated empathy during the training course and those who did not. The communication course is described. Patterns in the proposals are examined and discussed in relation to central concepts of helping; such as acknowledging, empathic communication and working alliance. Three steps in the development of skillfulness are described and suggested as more general steps in the acquisition of therapeutic competence. The validity and reliability of the study are discussed, as well as possible implications of the findings for social work education.

ISSN:0907-2055    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2397.1996.tb00139.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY