摘要:

AbstractAdrenal and gonadal hormone levels were evaluated in representative species from Prosimii, Ceboidea, Cercopithecoidea, and Hominoidea to determine if endocrine activity was influenced by phylogenetic factors. Most small‐bodied New World primates had extremely high levels of cortisol, progesterone, and testosterone when compared with Old World primates. In contrast to the high hormone levels and diversity found in Ceboidea, Old World primates showed a more similar pattern of hormone secretion. Thus, this survey supports earlier reports indicating that the callitricids and smaller cebid monkeys have a distinctive hormone profile. Although higher hormone levels tended to be associated with lower body weight, this effect was not evident in all taxa, and there were many notable exceptions. When species differ from their predicted hormone levels based on phylogenetic heritage and body weight (e.g., titi monkeys), we must look for other biological factors that influence endocrine activity. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss,

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350280202

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBehavioral observations were made on thirteen female and seven male adult group‐living chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). The behavioral data were analyzed as a function of the day of the females' menstrual cycles to explore the possible interrelationship between genital swelling and sociosexual behavior of female chimpanzees.Copulatory behavior was confined almost entirely to the period of genital swelling and the occurrence of male‐to‐female genital inspection (both female‐ and male‐initiated) was negatively correlated with the days from swelling onset, i.e., as the presumed day of ovulation approached, genital inspection decreased, while copulatory behavior increased. In addition, more females groomed their male cagemates during the luteal phase than in the follicular phase of their cycles, whereas male‐to‐female grooming was positively correlated with the progress of the cycle, with peaks during the time of swelling onset and menstruation.The profile of sociosexual behavior observed throughout the menstrual cycle suggested that, although chimpanzees exhibit an extended period of sexual receptivity and genital swelling, the presumed fertile period is not concealed. The role of genital swelling in chimpanzees is discussed in relation to the possible hormonal effect on female sexuality and the evolution of chimpanzee mating strategies. © 1992 W

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350280203

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe clearance and excretion of creatinine, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, and potassium by the kidney was evaluated in 62 owl monkeys using timed urine collections and quantitative urinalyses. The endogenous clearance of creatinine was determined for each monkey.Urinary electrolyte excretion and fractional electrolyte excretions (FE) were measured. Linear regression analysis was used to calculate the correlation between urinary excretion and FE for each electrolyte. The coefficient of determination for each analyte was significant (P ⩽ .0001). Determination of FE was found to be an appropriate indicator of the renal handling of electrolytes and, when viewed in conjunction with urinalysis and other serum parameters, an aid in evaluating renal function in the owl monkey. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss,

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350280204

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOptimal environments for captive primates are assumed to be those which simulate certain ecological features and elicit a wide range of species‐typical behavior patterns. Outdoor environments are often thought to be more suitable than indoor environments in that they provide more space and potentially higher levels of stimulation. The purpose of this study was to compare the long‐term behavioral responses of several groups of animals that had been reared identically during the first two years of life and then exposed to different environments. Two groups were moved into separate “enriched” indoor pens while one group was moved to an outdoor area covering approximately 5 acres. The monkeys were observed during the first year of life and again in these different environments between the ages of 6 and 10. Although behaviorally similar during the first year of life, monkeys developed different response patterns to indoor and outdoor environments. Contrary to commonly held views, indoor monkeys were not more aggressive, nor did they show higher levels of stereotypical behavior. Instead, indoor monkeys exhibited higher levels of grooming, sexual posturing, tactile/oral exploration, and passive visual behavior than their outdoor counterparts. These differences are consistent with the reconciliation model of de Waal. Individual monkeys also showed remarkable stability in certain traits over the 5‐year period. © 1992 Wiley

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350280205

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFemale social dominance over males is thought to characterize most of the prosimian primates of Madagascar. It has been reported inPropithecus verreauxi coquereliin the wild but intersexual relations were not fully characterized. In this paper we examine female‐male spatial and agonistic relations in semi‐free‐rangingP. v. coquereliin order to evaluate intersexual social dominance and related behavioral asymmetries. Two hundred hours of focal sampling were conducted on two pairs ofP. v. coquereliat the Duke University Primate Center, Durham, NC. Behavioral categories including approach, departure, follow, pass, replace, and aggression were scored and recorded. Our results show strong asymmetry of aggressive encounters, suggesting female dominance over males. No submissive signals were observed. The analysis of spatial relations showed that males were more active than females in maintaining proximity and, on average, male spatial movements could be predicted by female location and activities more often than vice versa. These results indicate a spatially central role for the female of each pair. © 1992 Wiley‐L

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350280206

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350280207

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350280208

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350280209

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350280210

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350280201

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY