ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350070102

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractInformation on the fruit diets of howling monkeys and fruit‐eating bats in the tropical rain forest of Los Tuxtlas, Mexico was collected for a year to compare the plant species used. Howling monkeys used 19 plant species whereas bats used 32 plant species as fruit sources. Eleven species were common in the diet of both mammals. A rank analysis at the plant species level showed that the fruit diets ofAlouattaandArtibeuswere very different. In contrast to bats, howling monkeys displayed a seasonal pattern in fruit consumption. Diet overlap between the two mammals was highest during the monkeys' fruit‐eating season. Measures of fruit production in eight trees (four species) indicated marked variations in fruit biomass produced and in length of fruiting from tree to tree and species to species. Peaks in fruit production were typical both at the species and the individual tree levels, demonstrating the very patchy nature of the fruit available to the monkeys and the b

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350070103

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPygmy marmosets (Cebuella pygmaea) use a variety of trill‐like vocalizations to maintain contact among group members throughout the day. Frequently, when one animal gives a trill, other animals will respond antiphonally. Among three pygmy marmosets in a captive group, there were clear patterns or sequences of calling among animals. All three animals would call in sequence more frequently than expected by chance, while the likelihood of an animal calling twice before each of the other animals called once was less than expected by chance. One particular ordering of three individuals calling in sequence was more common than the other ordering of three animals. Individual differences were found between the likelihood of initiating call sequences and the likelihood of calling later in a sequence. Pygmy marmosets appear to have a conversational rule system to govern their antiphonal callin

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350070104

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractYoung, sexually mature female rhesus monkeys copulate on more days prior to conception than do older females, and this prolonged discrete mating period is associated with an earlier rise in serum estradiol prior to the first ovulation of the breeding season. The influence of repeated ovulatory cycles and the presence of a suckling infant on the copulatory patterns were examined in two separate analyses. Extending previous work, young, nulliparous females copulated on more days at the first ovulation of the breeding season than did older, multiparous females. However, the duration of the copulatory period at the second ovulation of the breeding season was similar and significantly shorter for both age groups. Furthermore, the presence of a suckling infant did not influence the duration of the mating periods in adult, multiparous females. The onset of copulatory behavior for all females was associated with serum estradiol concentrations of approximately 90 pg/ml, indicating that the age and cycle differences in the duration of the copulatory periods are due to the time course of serum estradiol prior to ovulation. A separate, longitudinal analysis of the duration of the mating period associated with the first ovulation of three successive breeding seasons indicated that females copulated on more days during their first ovulatory cycle of their first breeding season. These data indicate that the copulatory interval is longer for females during the first ovulation of the breeding season, and this pattern is accentuated in young, sexually mature animals.

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350070105

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBetween 1975 and 1983, adult female vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus) over 3.5 years of age, living in two undisturbed social groups in a captive colony in Sepulveda, California, have averaged 1.0 births per female year with a mean interbirth interval of 10.7 months. Increased fecundity did not result in decreased survival rates of offspring in this population. Fecundity was influenced by the mother's age and dominance rank. The primary factor in the age‐fecundity relationship was the age at first birth, which varied from three to five years. High‐ranking females contributed the most to the high rate of fecundity, with significantly shorter interbirth intervals, more births per female year, and more surviving infants compared to low‐ranking fe

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350070106

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractReproduction data from 60 wild‐caught and 16 captive‐born, hand‐reared female rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were examined. Both groups had been maintained in a controlled laboratory environment, the wild‐caught for a minimum of 10 years and the captive‐born for a minimum of 5 years. All were bred to wild‐caught males. Animals of both sexes were individually caged unless being bred. Data from 662 pregnancies indicated that, although seasonal breeding became attenuated in the laboratory, it did not disappear. Neither pregnancy outcome nor number of matings necessary for conception was affected by increasing parity or prior occurrence of fetal wastage or hysterotomy. Nor did hysterotomy affect the potential for a subsequent vaginal delivery. The number of matings necessary for conception were shown to be a useful predictor of animals that should be culled from the breeding colony. Birthweights of infants of wild‐caught females, but only male infants of house‐born females, increased with parity of the mother. Parity had only minimal effect on gestation length. Conception was shown to occur infrequently at less than 100 days postpartum even when animals were not lactating and were rebred begining as early as 56 days postpartum. Summary data were presented for pregnancy outcome, gestation length, infant birth weight, and sex for both gr

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350070107

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe present study was designed to investigate the accumulation of 2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose (2‐DG) by squirrel monkey oocytes fertilized in vitro; to assess the effects of insulin addition to the medium on 2‐DG accumulation; and, finally, to evaluate the use of 2‐DG in viability determinations of oocytes. Accumulation of 2‐DG by unfertilized oocytes from squirrel monkeys was 13.94 fmol/oocyte/3 h and was not affected by the addition of either 10 nM or 1 μM insulin. There was no change in 2‐DG accumulation with fertilization in vitro; 2‐DG accumulation by degenerate ova was reduced to background levels. These results suggest low utilization of glucose by early primate embryos similar to that demonstrated for other mammalian species; 2‐DG appears to be a good viability indicator of e

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350070108

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350070109

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350070110

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350070111

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY