摘要:

AbstractSquirrel monkeys, colony‐born from Bolivian parents, were studied to establish the sequences and timing of eruption for deciduous and permanent teeth. Infants were born with a naked gingiva, and in only one monkey was di1present at birth. The eruption of the lower deciduous teeth preceded their upper counterparts with the exception of di2, dc, and dpm2. No significant differences were found between the right and left quadrants of the mandible and maxilla. No significant sexual differences were found in the age of eruption. By the age of 14 weeks, all deciduous teeth had erupted. The sequence of eruption of the replacement teeth was different from that of milk teeth. The differences lie in the delayed eruption of canine teeth and in the inverted sequence, from the back to the front, of the premolar series. Significant sexual differences were found in total eruption (TE) for PM3and I2(P<0.05) and highly significant differences (P<0.01) in TE and initial eruption (IE) for C1, females being more precocious than males. The age at which monkeys completed dental eruption was highly variable, 103–119 weeks for males and 89–112 weeks for females. Differences were found when our results were compared with those of Long and Cooper [1968] for Colombian squirrel mo

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350080302

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRecently captured moustached tamarins (Saguinus mystax) were briefly separated from other members of their troop. Most separated animals emitted long calls that were, in general, similar in acoustic structure to those of sympatric tamarin species while retaining species distinctiveness. Individual differences also appeared in call structure. The long calls of a separated animal were responded to almost entirely by members of the animal's own troop rather than by other troops, and reciprocal calling occurred among troop members significantly more often than expected by chance. Although there was no evidence of troop‐specific call structure or dialect, there were troop‐specific responses to the calls of separated tamarins. This response implies the existence of a stable and integrated troop structure that allows troop members to learn and to respond to the individual specific features of each troop member's ca

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350080303

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effect of dexamethasone‐induced alteration of adrenocortical activity was assessed in two species of New World primates:Saimiri sciureusandCallicebus moloch. Basal and stress levels of corticosteroids were determined following treatment with three doses of dexamethasone (0, 50, or 500 μg/kg).Saimirishowed substantially higher basal levels of corticosteroids than didCallicebusand a greater incremental corticosteroid response to physical restraint. Dexamethasone was found to reduce basal corticosteroids in both species, although this effect was greater forCallicebusthan forSaimiriMoreover, the adrenocortical response to physical restraint was reduced by dexamethasone treatment inCallicebusbut not inSaimiri. The pattern of results suggests that the species differ in the mechanisms mediating adrenocortical activi

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350080304

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractYoung (3–4 years old) laboratory‐reared rhesus monkeys were observed in five 15‐minute tests with 1–15‐day‐old infants. Males and females were equally likely to investigate infants. Females communicated more with infants by grin‐lipsmacking and gurgling–‐gestures that were not shown by any males. More females presented the ventrum to infants than did males. Females contacted infants more than did males by grooming, crouching over, and having full body contact with them. To see whether prenatal androgens produced the male pattern of response, we conducted similar tests with pseudohermaphrodites (prenatally androgenized genetic females) and neonatally castrated males. On most sexually dimorphic behaviors, pseudohermaphrodites behaved more like females than like males. Castrated males, like females and pseudohermaphrodites, crouched over infants more than did intact males. Castrated males differed from females only on one infant‐directed response, the grin‐lipsmack. These comparisons showed that defeminization of the repertoire of infant‐directed responses was measurable only in intact males. We conclude accordingly that prenatal androgens alone are not responsible for defeminization of this repertoire and that a contribution from postnatal androgens is

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350080305

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRecordings were made and analyzed of the female dominated duet songs by eight adult pairs of wild agile gibbons from two sites in Peninsular Malaysia. A statistical analysis of their songs revealed that individuality occurred throughout the females' songs from both sites. Individuality in gibbon songs may allow singing individuals to more efficiently and effectively locate and identify neighboring nonmate conspecifics.

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350080306

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwo hybrid offspring, one male and one female, were produced by aHylobates muellerifemale mated to aHylobates larmale at Micke Grove Zoo, Lodi, California. Songs of the hybrids were studied at adulthood and compared to the parental‐type songs. The hybrid female song is uniquely different from either parental type. The hybrid male song resembles the male song ofH. lar, but contains an element that may be unique toH. muelleri. The study demonstrates the utility of sound‐spectographic analysis of hybrid vocalizations to further understanding of primate behavioral inherita

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350080307

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractLive fish capture by wild chacma baboons is described. Fish were captured from drying desert pools and then covered with sand to immobilize active fish or to facilitate handling. Possible reasons omnivorous primates elsewhere do not capture live fish are considered.

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350080308

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractComparative studies of memory in monkey and human subjects suggest similarities in visual recognition memory across human and nonhuman primates. In order to investigate developmental aspects of visual recognition memory in monkey infants, the familiarization‐novelty procedure, developed for use with human infants, was employed with pigtailed monkey infants to study long‐delay recognition memory. Subjects were familiarized with a black‐and‐white abstract pattern. Twenty‐four hours later they were tested with the familiar pattern paired with a novel one. Results indicated a significant visual preference for the novel stimulus, providing evidence for recognition memory. These results parallel those obtained with human infants, suggesting further similarities in the development of visual recogniti

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350080309

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350080310

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350080311

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY