摘要:

AbstractA panel of monoclonal antibody reagents has been identified that can be used for routine monitoring of subsets of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) fromMacaca mulatta(rhesus macaques),Macaca nemestrina(pig‐tailed macaques), andCercocebus atys(sooty mangabeys). The procedure uses fluorescein and phycoerythrin conjugates of the monoclonal antibodies in appropriate combinations, so that two‐color microfluorometric analyses can be readily performed on as little as 1.2 ml of EDTA blood. PBMC from a total of 20 normal adult rhesus macaques, 21 normal adult pig‐tailed macaques, 4 SIV−sooty mangabeys, and 16 SIV+adult sooty mangabeys were analyzed with the panel of monoclonal reagents and flow microfluorometry. The mean frequency, absolute numbers, and range for each subset in these nonhuman primate species are described. Sooty mangabeys appeared markedly different from the other two primate species. The PBMCs from the mangabeys had a higher mean frequency and absolute number of total T cells, Leu‐3a+/18−T cells, suppressor (Leu−2a+) T cells, which were HLA‐DR+, and IL‐2R+cells. Functional helper, suppressor, natural killer (NK), lymphokine activated killer (LAK), and antigen‐presenting cell studies were also performed to correlate phenotype with immune function. Data indicate that Leu−3a+T cells (CD4+) and Leu−2a+T cells (CD8+) in these primate species represent human equivalents of helper and suppressor T cells, respectively. NK and LAK effector cells in the rhesus and pig‐tailed macaques appear to be predominantly Leu−19+. In contrast, Leu−2a+cells appear to be the predominant NK and LAK effector cell in sooty mangabeys. These data provide a basis for routine evaluation of lymphocyte subsets in these nonhuman primate species, and provide a means to correlate p

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350170202

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAdult capuchin monkeys use precision grips during manipulation of small objects, although their thumbs have been classified as pseudo‐opposable. We investigated the physical properties of the hands to increase our understanding of manual function in capuchins. Forelimb dimensions and joint mobility (goniometric) measurements were obtained from adult, juvenile, and infant tufted capuchins (Cebus apella). Compared to adult squirrel monkeys, adult capuchins exhibited less flexibility of the wrist and digits. Capuchins of all ages had proportionally longer hands than squirrel monkeys, and capuchins more than 7 weeks old had proportionally longer thumbs than squirrel monkeys. Growth of the arms and hands was asynchronous. The duration of growth of the thumb was particularly prolonged, extending into early adulthood. Age‐related changes in flexibility were apparent in most indices, and were greatest at the metacarpophalangeal joints. It is unknown to what extent the characteristics of growth, forelimb dimensions, and goniometry presented by capuchins are shared with other species, or if they contribute to the capuchin's unusual prehensive capacities. However, the marked differences between adult capuchins and squirrel monkeys in these metrics, and between capuchins and rhesus in the growth patterns of the digits, suggest that variation across taxa in these characteristics can be considera

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350170203

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractExperimental and clinical parasitology need natural baselines or “controls”. We present normative data intestinal parasite loads in two genera of African primates. WildPan troglodytesandPapiospp. were studied at two sites: Gombe in Tanzania (P. anubis) and Mt. Assirik in Senegal (P. papio). Presence or absence of parasites, especially nematodes, was recorded from fecal specimens. Gombe's primates were more often infected than were Mt. Assirik's. At Gombe, but not at Mt. Assirik, chimpanzees seemed to have a higher incidence of infection than baboons. Comparison of three baboon troops yielded apparent differences in prevalence of infection. No differences in infection were found between the wet and dry seasons in Mt. Assirik's chimpanz

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350170204

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe acrosome ofMacaca fascicularissperm cannot be distinguished by conventional light microscopy, so determining whether sperm are acrosome‐intact or‐reacted is difficult. We describe methods for labeling the acrosomal region of sperm with two different probes: fluoresceinatedPisum sativumagglutinin and anti‐sperm antiserum. Acrosome‐intact sperm are much more heavily labeled in the acrosomal region than are acrosome‐reacted sperm, providing a simple means of differentiating the two types of sperm. The two probes detect similar numbers of acrosome‐reacted sperm following treatment with the divalent cation ionoph

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350170205

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFood‐choice was investigated in a social group of 16 chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) maintained in a large outdoor compound. Three feeding stations located along the periphery of the compound were considered analogous to food patches. Color‐coded aluminum panels temporarily covered each feeding apparatus, with one color corresponding to nonpreferred food (commercial biscuits) available at two locations and other colors corresponding to the certain or uncertain availability of preferred food (oranges) available at one location. Only nine chimpanzees met the criterion for learning the color/food associations and thus only those animals were included in the analysis. There was a significant decrease in choosing the station associated with oranges when the probability of availability of oranges was reduced from 0.5 to 0.1 but not from 1.0 to 0.5. In addition, there was a significant increase in the frequency with which the subjects made no choice when the probability of availability of oranges was reduced from 1.0 to 0.1. The data indicate that the uncertain availability of preferred food in a choice situation affects choice behavior in a social group of chimpanzees studied under controlled conditi

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350170206

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350170207

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350170208

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350170209

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350170210

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350170201

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY