ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350330203

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe assessed the effects of social living (pairing) on improving the psychological well‐being of adult female rhesus macaques (Mucuca mulutta) housed under laboratory conditions. We measured well‐being in 12 pairs and 12 singly housed females through multiple indices of health (hematology, clinical morbidity, and body weight), stress (immune responses), behavior (preferences for social proximity, exhibition of species typical affliative behavior, and rates of abnormal behavior), and reproduction (frequency of ovulation, rates of conception, and infant survival). We selected adult females that had been living in single‐unit cages and paired them in larger cages. Care was taken to allow females to become familiar with one another before pairing took place, and pairs that fought were separated before serious injuries occurred. Singly‐housed control females were also paired for 1 week and then separated to balance the stressful effects expected to occur during the initial pairing and to assure that they were equivalent to the experimental animals in their ability to live socially. We concluded that pairing adult female rhesus monkeys was a positive experience for both the dominant and subordinate members of the pairs. They chose to spend the majority of their time involved in amicable social interactions, were more active, and they indulged in less nail biting than singly‐housed controls. There were no differences in reproduction, rates of clinical morbidity, or immune stress responses among the groups. However, pairing alone may not be sufficient to assure the well‐being of laboratory‐housed rhesus macaques, because rates of abnormal behaviors such as stereotyped movements remained high. © 1994 W

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350330204

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractLens wet weights, soluble protein, and activities of γ‐glutiamylcysteine synthetase, glutathione synthetase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase were determined in primate lenses. The primary sources of lenses were middle‐aged adult animals. The Primates, from 23 genera, were categorized into six superfamilies: hominoids (five species), Old World monkeys (seven species), New World monkeys (five species), tarsiers (two species), lemurs (six species), and lorisids (three species). Significant differences between various groups or combinations of groups were noted for γ‐glutamylcysteine synthetase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase activities. Lenticular γ‐glutamylcysteine synthetase activity was very low in the Old World simian lenses and highest in the prosimians. Glutathione peroxidase activity was extraordinarily high in lenses of Old World monkeys. Glutathione reductase activity was low in all the prosimians but tenfold higher in hominoid lenses with intermediate values in monkeys of both the Old World and New World. Glutathione synthetase activity was variable, and no clear pattern which might be useful for primate classification was noted. Lenticular activity ratios of glutathione synthetase:γ‐glutamylcysteine synthetase were highest in the Old World simians and lowest in the prosimians. These data with emphasis uponAotusand the tarsiers were examined with regard to phylogenetic relationships. © 1994 W

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350330205

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPrometaphase lymphocyte chromosomes from eight adult argentinianAlouatta carayafemales were characterized using sequential G‐C banding techniques, Ag‐NOR bands and bands obtained with the restriction enzymes Hae III, Eco RI, Alu I and Sau 3A.The cytogenetic analysis showed 2n = 52, with four, five, or six NOR chromosomes. Digestion with Hae III and Eco RI produced G‐like‐bands. Centromere regions and two interstitial C‐bands (in chromosomes number 16 and 21) showed intraindividual or interindividual heterochromatic polymorphisms. Alu I digestion produced C‐like bands with gaps in the centromere regions, and Sau 3A produced C‐like bands. The karyotypes and banding patterns of A.caraya,A. palliata,A. belzebul, andA. seniculusare compared, based on whole chromosome and whole arm homeologies. © 1994 W

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350330206

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCardiac responses during one hour exposures to three stressful experimental conditions were compared among juvenile females of three species of the genusMacaca(M. mulatta, M. radiata, andM. fascicularis).M. fascicularisshowed the highest overall heart rate, andM. mulattathe lowest, in all three conditions. The principal difference between species was in the pattern of change in heart rate over the test sessions. Heart rate declined during the hour for all three species in the first two conditions (home cage novel environment), and the change was most rapid inM. mulattaand slowest inM. fascicularis. In the third and most stressful condition (physical restraint), each species showed a distinct temporal pattern. Heart rate increased over the hour inM. fascicularis, declined inM. radiata, and increased rapidly then declined gradually inM. mulatta. Individual differences in heart rate tended to be consistent within and across conditions. Correlations between behavioral measures of somatic activity and heart rate were generally modest. The results are in accord with other behavioral and physiological differences obtained for the same subjects, and suggest that responses to environmental stimuli reflect fundamental aspects of temperament that may vary substantially even among closely related species. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, I

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350330207

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe hypothesis of Kinzey and Gentry [Primate Ecology: Problem Oriented Field Studies. New York, John Wiley&Sons, 1979] thatCallicebus torquatusmay be specialized for living in vegetation on white sand was evaluated by reviewing all observations I made of this species, where the substrate had been noted, and including some collection sites of J. Hernández Camacho. There was no evidence for the white‐sand hypothesis. Instead,Callicebus torquatuswas found to prefer upland and flooded forests that are tall and well stratified, and growing on many soil types, including white sand. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350330208

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350330209

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350330210

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350330202

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY