摘要:

AbstractFour types of calls (long calls, chirps, chucks, and trills) from Golden Lion Tamarins (Leontopithecus rosalia) were analyzed for sex differences in structure. Six or more acoustic variables were analyzed for each call type. One or more variables from each call category differed significantly between the sexes. In addition, discriminant function analyses were conducted on male vs. female data for each call type. Long calls, chirps, and chucks from males and females were quite discriminable, but trills were not. That these differences exist is surprising given that callitrichid primates are otherwise quite monomorphic in structure and behavior. Possible functions served by sex differences in call structure include group censusing or assessing the sex of transient individuals.

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350210402

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis report describes the composition of the diet of lowland gorillas,Gorilla gorilla gorilla, at Lopé in central Gabon. This population inhabits mature evergreen tropical forest and is not habituated to human observers. Data were collected during 6 years of an ongoing long‐term study, from feeding‐trails and by direct observation, but mostly by fecal analysis. Gorillas ate 182 plant foods from 134 species and 36 families. The fruit diet was diverse: 95 species were consumed, most with succulent pulp, and some immature seeds were eaten. Fruit remains were recorded in 98% of dung. Vegetative parts ofAframomumand Marantaceae formed staple foods, as they were abundant, accessible, and available year‐round. Soil and social insects were also ingested; remains of weaver ants were recorded in one third of feces. More foods have been recorded for gorillas at Lopé than elsewhere and this is the most frugivorous population studied

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350210403

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA long‐term study was carried out on a black howler monkey (Alouatta caraya) population living in 150 ha of forest patches spread out in a 3,000 ha rural area in Northern Argentina. A total of 22 different groups were located between 1980 and 1984 and 11 of these were monitored regularly during 28 months.Ecological density varied between 12.14 and 12.93 groups per sq km of thall dense forest (0.80 to 1.15 ind./ha; biomass 306 to 365 kg/sq km). Solitaries and small associations of adult or subadult individuals of both sexes were also recorded but occupied habitats of inferior quality. Mean sizes of reproductive groups varied from 6.4 to 8.4 and the range was 3 to 15 individuals. Reproductive groups had 1 to 3 adult males, 1 to 3 adult females, and several immatures. Sex ratio was biased toward females among the adults but it varied in other age classes. Births occurred throughout the year showing a peak in the colder and drier season. Subadult or young adult males and females dispersed from suspected natal groups and became solitaries or joined associations. Males invaded groups and displaced or coexisted with resident males. Infanticides and disappearances of infants were associated with male changes.Comparative censuses on an island not far from the main study area showed higher density and biomass (2.8 ind./ha; 1,117 kg/sq km) and different group sizes and composition. Habitat features as well as the history of each study site may account for the observed demographic difference

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350210404

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractStudies of the reproductive biology of nonhuman primates are commonly hindered by the lack of homologous, sensitive immunoassay systems for gonadotropins. The recent development of a bioassay based upon folliclestimulating hormone (FSH)‐stimulated estradiol production by rat Sertoli cells (Padmanabhan et al.:Endocrinology121:1089–1098, 1987) offers a novel opportunity to expand our knowledge of the physiological importance and regulation of this important reproductive hormone in these species. Accordingly, we have established the utility of the rat Sertoli cell FSH bioassay to study the reproductive biology of rhesus monkeys. Analysis of medium from cultured rhesus monkey pituitary cells demonstrates the ability of this assay system to specifically and sensitively detect macaque FSH. Serial dilutions of unextracted urinary samples stimulate estradiol in parallel with the reference standard. The pattern of bioactive FSH in daily urine samples throughout the menstrual cycle resembles that normally observed in serum, displaying a clear preov alatory gonadotropin surge. In attempts to analyze rhesus monkey serum, severe interference with cellular estradiol production was found with extremely low serum sample volumes. In order to circumvent this problem, a serum extraction procedure utilizing metaphosphoric acid was developed which permits the accurate determination of bioactive FSH in serum. The pattern of serum bioactive FSH secretion throughout the menstrual cycle is in general agreement with that observed by FSH RIA, although immunoreactive FSH values are consistently higher. The ability to detect bioactive FSH in macaques will significantly enhance our research capabilities with nonhuman primate species which share many physiological similarities with man. Important applications also may be found in studies on the reproductive biology in endangered species of prima

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350210405

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA cytogenetical study of the western form ofAvahi (Avahi laniger occidentalis)shows that its karyotype differs from that ofA. laniger lanigerby at least 3 chromosomal rearrangements. Meiotic chromosomal pairing of hypothetical hybrids has been constructed. Its configuration, a tetravalent with an inversion loop, is likely to strongly reduce fertility, especially in the male. This leads us to propose that the two forms correspond to two distinct species, separated by a gametic barrier:Avahi lanigerand a species apart,Avahi occidentalis.

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350210406

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350210407

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350210408

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350210409

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350210401

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY