摘要:

AbstractThe effect of hybridization on infant survival was investigated in subspecific crosses of the saddle‐back tamarin (Saguinus fuscicollis) at the Oak Ridge Associated Universities (ORAU) Marmoset Research Center (Oak Ridge, TN). Cox Proportional Hazards Regression was used to compare infant survival between (1) pure subspecies, (2) F1, F2, and backcrossed hybrids, and (3) hybrids and their parental subspecies. Also, effects of management changes, sex, and litter size on infant survival were investigated. There were no significant differences in infant survival between the pure subspecies. Also, degree of hybridization (F1, F2, or backcross) did not have a significant effect on infant survival. Progeny of hybrid crosses betweenS. f. lagonotusandS. f. illigeriwas found to have significantly (P<0.05) higher infant survival than both of their parental subspecies. Individuals born after diet and management changes in the colony had significantly (P<0.05) higher survival than those born before. There were no significant sex differences in infant survival. Individuals born into triplet litters had significantly (P<0.05) lower survival than those born into twin litters. These results show heterosis (hybrid vigor) for infant survival in one subspecificS. fuscicolliscross (S. f. lagonotus × S. f. illigeri). The results suggest genetic divergence between the subspecies populations and possible reproductive isolation in the wild. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350330402

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCranial dimensions were collected from growth series for two sexually dimorphic congeners:Alouatta seniculus, the red howler monkey, andAlouatta palliata, the mantled howler monkey. In both A.seniculusand A.palliata, ontogenetic series for males and females were compared to evaluate if sexual dimorphism in skull form results from the differential extension of common patterns of relative growth. Subsequently, growth series for both species were compared to investigate whether morphological differences between species also result from the ontogenetic scaling of cranial proportions.Analyses indicate that cranial proportions for both sexes ofAlouatta palliataare ontogenetically scaled. In mantled howlers, males apparently reach larger terminal size by growing for a longer duration and, to a lesser extent, at a faster rate than females. Data for both sexes ofAlouatta seniculusindicate that cranial proportions are also ontogenetically scaled. In particular, male red howlers apparently reach larger adult size by growing at a faster rate and, perhaps, to an equivalent or longer duration than females. TheAlouatta seniculusdata underscore apparent differences in the rate and timing components of sex dimorphism, possibly due to sexual differences among dental eruption patterns, cranial development, somatic growth, and socioecological factors. Results for both species indicate that intrasexual selection for size differentiation has a minimal effect on brain size and postcanine tooth size dimorphism. Lastly, comparisons of allometric trajectories for both species further demonstrate a strong pattern of ontogenetic scaling of cranial proportions. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, I

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350330403

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOptimal conditions for the mitogen‐induced proliferation of T and B lymphocytes of cynomolgus monkeys were determined. The T cell mitogens concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin, at concentrations of 1.25–10 μg/ml and 1.25–10 μg/ml, respectively, and the T and B cell mitogen pokeweed mitogen, at concentrations of 0.2–10 μg/ml, induced high lymphoproliferative responses, the average stimulation index (SI) being 34–93. Since suitable mitogens have not been reported for monkey B cells, we tested three types of lipopolysaccharide (LPS): two derived fromEscherichia coli—one extracted with phenol and one extracted with trichloroacetic acid (TCA); and one derived fromSalmonella typhimurium, extracted with phenol. All three LPS had a high mitogenic effect for monkey lymphocytes, with SI of 2.3–6.4. The highest response was observed for 25 μg/ml ofSalmonellaLPS, and the addition of trypsin to the culture augmented the proliferative response of low or non‐responder lymphocytes. ©

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350330404

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA study was conducted on the most recently described marmoset species, Callithrix mauesi, and the results obtained were compared to those previously reported for the karyotypes ofC. jacchusandC. emiliae. No mechanism of chromosome rearrangement differentiates the karyotypes ofC. mauesi(2n = 44) andC. emiliae(2n = 44), which diverge fromC. jacchus(2n = 46) by a Robertsonian translocation and a paracentric inversion.C. mauesi, likeC. emiliae, presents telomeric constitutive heterochromatin in various chromosomes, forming large heterochromatic blocks in some. This does not occur inC. jacchus, which basically presents centromeric constitutive heterochromatin. The karyotype ofC. mauesidiffers from that ofC. emiliaeonly by the amount and distribution of this telomeric constitutive heterochromatin. One of the chromosomes presenting a heterochromatic block inC. mauesiis chromosome X, a fact not previously reported in the Order Primates. The present chromosome data show thatC. mauesiis closer toC. emiliaethan toC. jacchus, in agreement with its inclusion in theC. argentatagroup. In the present paper, we describe for the first time, at the chromosome level, chimerism between fraternal twins of the same sex (XY/XY), with the heterochromatic block of pair 2 being the marker. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, I

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350330405

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA wild Japanese macaque troop decreased in size because the birth rate dropped and infant mortality increased. In the 1989 mating season, the last male left the troop, and the remaining two females joined a neighboring troop. Thus, the troop ceased to exist as an independent troop. A lower limit to troop size may exist, below which a troop cannot effectively defend its range, forcing the females to join a larger troop. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, I

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350330406

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350330407

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350330408

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350330401

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY