摘要:

AbstractThe purpose of the present paper is to evaluate the factors that contributed to annual variation in fertility and infant survival in a relatively undisturbed captive group of bonnet macaques (Macaca radiata) over a 16‐year period. The size and composition of this population fluctuated over time, and these changes were consistently associated with changes in female fertility and infant survival. Female fertility was highest when there were relatively few adult females in the group and when there were relatively few adult females per adult male. Similarly, infant survival was highest in years when there were relatively few adult females present and when cohorts of infants were small. Since environmental factors, such as availability of food and vulnerability to predation, were unlikely to constrain population growth in captivity, the data suggest that other mechanisms may have affected demographic processes in this captive grou

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350140202

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe incidence of wounding in captive groups of rhesus (Macaca mulatta), pigtail (M. nemestrina), and stumptail (M. arctoides) macaques was studied for 21 months. Groups were monitored daily for evidence of wounding. Wounded animals were captured, treated by veterinary staff, and returned following recovery. Records were kept on the age, sex, and species of the recipient, along with the type and location of wound. In each species of macaque, adult males incurred the highest frequency of wounds and multiple wounds of any age‐sex class. This contrasted with previously reported behavioral data indicating low frequencies of aggression received by adult males, especially contact aggression and bites. These discrepancies indicate wounding frequencies do not necessarily correspond with behavioral measures of aggression. Inhibition of aggression directed toward infants and the selective avoidance of bites directed to vital body regions were presented as possible mechanisms that modify intragroup aggression. Increased wounding in the birth season under captive conditions suggests that the pattern of increased wounding reported during the breeding season under freeranging conditions may reflect xenophobic responses to immigrating males, rather than direct male‐male competition for estrous fema

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350140203

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn attempt was made to socialize unrelated and unfamiliar adult rhesus monkey females that had lived in single cages for more than one year. Partners first were given the opportunity for noncontact familiarization in partitioned double cages. They were then transferred into an ordinary double cage. Clear‐cut rank relationships were evident within the first 90 minutes of pair formation in 94% (17/18) of dyads tested. Only 28% (5/18) of pairs resorted to fighting (in no case with infliction of serious injury), while 50% (9/18) engaged in social grooming or hugging during this initial phase of pair formation. Eighty‐three percent (15/18) of pairs were compatible, with none of the partners showing signs of depression and none inflicting serious injury on the other. Seventeen percent (3/18) of pairs were incompatible (two cases of depression, one serious tail injury) and were separated. It was concluded that the barren environment of singly caged rhesus monkey females can be enriched with little risk by carefully making them compatible compani

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350140204

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe present investigation assesses a number of explanations for the patterns of variability in dental dimensions. Coefficients of variation were calculated for mesiodistal and buccolingual diameters in a sample of 105Papio ursinuscrania (52 male, 53 female). Variability profiles consisting of arrays of values of coefficients of variation were evaluated by means of Friedman's two‐way analysis of variance and Kendall's coefficient of concordance. Although molar teeth were found to be the most dimensionally stable, our results failed to support either the morphogenetic field theory or the occlusal complexity hypothesis. The data presented here are generally supportive of Pengilly's phenotypic complexity theory. However, speciesspecific clustering patterns found in our regressions of dimensional variability on mean tooth size suggest that differences in variability levels might be related to differences in selective pressure

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350140205

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) has been widely used as a tool to assist in the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Glucose disappearance rate (KG) is calculated as an indicator of relative glucose tolerance; however, a standardized dose, consistent sampling times, and a consistent formula for the calculation of KGhave not yet been established for rhesus monkeys. Interpretation of results reported by different laboratories has, therefore, been rendered difficult. In the present study, 48 IVGTTs obtained from 33 male rhesus monkeys ranging widely in glucose tolerance have been analyzed. Various formulas for calculating KGvalues have been tested in all experiments including a range of different pairs of time points, as well as the t1/2. Regression analysis revealed that the logetransformation of the plasma glucose levels obtained after an intravenous glucose load were best fitted with a straight line during the period between five and 20 minutes (R2= 0.97 ± 0.005). The use of time points prior to the five‐minute value tended to produce spuriously larger KGvalues, while sampling points that were later than 30 min occasionally produced an invalid KGbecause in some monkeys the plasma glucose levels had already returned to basal levels. The advantages of using the five‐ and 20‐minute glucose levels in calculating the KGinclude (1) the optimal reflection of tissue uptake of glucose; (2) the relatively short sampling time required to obtain an accurate, consistent, and meaningful value for KG; and (3) the relative ease in the calculation

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350140206

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractStudies on the reproductive mechanisms of the squirrel monkey have been hampered by inadequate measurements of luteinizing hormone (LH). The mouse interstitial cell bioassay, which measures testosterone production as the endpoint, was validated for use in the squirrel monkey by parallel responses of serum to LH standards and by in vivo responses to an LH‐releasing hormone (LHRH) analogue. The LH surge profile, as determined by daily blood sampling, was found to be of 1–2 days duration and comparable in amplitude to those of other primates. A 9.7‐day ovulatory cycle length was also calculated and was similar to previous estimates based on other hormonal and behavioral methods. A 150‐fold decrease in basal LH was found in the nonbreeding season, as was a decreased LHRH response. This assay makes possible future studies on hypothalamic‐ovarian mechanisms in thi

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350140207

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn Parque Nacional Manuel Antonio, Costa Rica, an adult maleCebus capucinuswas observed repeatedly hitting a venomous snake (Bothropsasper) with a branch. Initially a large dead branch overhanging the snake had been broken off in the course of aggressive displays to the snake by the adult and two subadult males. The snake's escape was apparently prevented by the weight of the fallen branch and possibly by the injuries caused by its fall. This is the first direct observation of a capuchin monkey in a natural habitat using a tool.

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350140208

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging was used to document brain lesions symptomatic of cerebral palsy in the macaque monkey exhibiting poor motor control and periodic episodes of ocular nystagmus and convulsive twitching. Neuroanatomic deficits most likely resulted from hemorrhage or ischemic infarction at or near the time of birth. Extreme maternal dependency and retarded behavioral development were documented at 3 and 12 months of age. Both social and motor behavior improved significantly when observed at 30 months of age after therapy.

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350140209

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350140210

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350140211

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY