摘要:

AbstractThe original distribution of the tropical rain forest and of the populations ofAlouatta palliata, Al. pigra, and the two subspecies ofAteles geoffroyiin southern Mexico have been reduced by at least 90% in the last 40 years as a result of conversion of natural habitat to pasture and agricultural fields. This dramatic conversion has been caused mainly by the rapid growth of the human population in the southern states of the country. In the region of Los Tuxtlas in southern Veracruz, where the only longitudinal popululational and ecological studies ofA. palliataandAt. g. vellerosushave taken place, only 15% of the original extension of the tropical rain forest remains today. The intensive destruction of suitable primate habitat in this region has resulted in an accelerated process of extinction of the primate species. It is estimated that only about 200At. g. vellerosusand about 1200Al. palliataexist in the remaining small portion of their original habitat. Today, the distribution of the three primate species in Mexico is intensively and extensively fragmented, and only five potential foci for conservation exist in the country. Urgent action is required to protect the primate populations in the region of Los Tuxtlas and at the other four foci, as some of these populations may disappear by 1995.

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350140402

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study was an initial attempt to analyze quantitatively vocalizations from the Central American squirrel monkey,Saimiri oerstedi. Vocalizations were recorded in the wild at P. N. Corcovado (S. o. oerstedi). and at P. N. Manuel Antonio (S. o. citrinellus). Additional recordings were made from captive individuals of both subspecies. The acoustic structure of analyzed vocalizations resembled most closely the vocal repertoire of South AmericanSaimiriwith the “gothic arch” phenotype, in agreement with the prominent gothic arch facial pattern ofS. oerstedi. New structural subtypes of the twitter (“dog‐tooth twitter”) and the chuck (“bent‐mast chuck”) not previously found in an extensive library of South AmericanSaimirisound spectrograms were documented. Calls used by older infants when socially separated and when approaching an adult male were essentially identical (sharing typical “isolation peep” structural features) but had significantly different duration and peak frequency. Analysis of recordings from an escaped captive female calling outside her compound over a 3‐day period indicated the presence of numerous structural intermediates between typical chuck, tw

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350140403

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effect of various social environments on sociosexual behavior was examined in six young female cotton‐top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus oedipus) and in three established breeding females. Behavioral observations and hormonal samples were collected on young females while they were living with their families, when they were isolated from conspecifics, and after they were paired with an unrelated male. While living with the family, all females showed a suppression of fertility and low frequencies of sociosexual behavior. Following removal from the family, isolated females displayed an increase in rate of scent marking and an increase in hormonal levels. When young females were paired with males, they were exposed to scent secretions from their natal families, from an unfamilar family, and from a control for a total of 24 weeks. After pairing, hormonal levels increased dramatically, and ovarian cyclicity began. An increase in sociosexual behavior and elevated levels of scent marking accompanied this physiological change. Newly paired females had higher rates of affiliative behavior and scent marking than did established breeding females. However, both newly paired and established breeding males were more likely to initiate contact, grooming bouts, and social sniffing than were females. Time to first ovulation was later in females who were exposed to scent secretions from their natal families than it was in those females given a control for the first 8 weeks following pairing. No female conceived during exposure to scent secretions. However, once normal ovarian cycling had begun or a pregnancy was established, exposure to scent secretions had no effect. Thus, the social environment influences the fertility, sociosexual behavior, and pair bond formation of cotton‐top tamarins. In addition, chemical stimuli found in the scent secretions produced by the natal family are most likely involved in reproductive suppress

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350140404

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBehavioral studies using observational methods can be improved by the use of microcomputers. Computers are time‐saving tools that enhance quantitative assessment of behavior. This is important in primate behavior studies, which typically are long‐term and involve large repertoires of behaviors. The present study describes three BASIC programs developed to record, store, and handle behavioral data. This software was created to allow the collection of a library of unabridged sampling sessions. The data‐handling programs were designed so that users can effortlessly extract specific information without disturbing the original recordings. Moreover, the programs can be easily translated to any BASIC dialect, so their use is not limited to a particular ma

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350140405

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe colony of free‐ranging rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) on Cayo Santiago, Puerto Rico, was surveyed for leptospiral agglutinins. Only 5 (3%) of 169 monkeys (25% of the population) were seropositive (titers of ⩾ 1:100). An additional 29 animals (17%) had titers ⩽1:50. The proportions of seropositive males and females were 22% and 18%, respectively, and twice as many adult as immature animals (32% vs. 15%) were positive. In most seropositive monkeys a single serogroup predominated, Icterohaemorrhagiae being recorded in nearly 60% of these animals. In a follow‐up survey conducted a year later, 4% of 158 of the original monkeys were seropositive, with titers of from 1:100 to 1:200. None of 22Rattus rattuscaptured on Cayo Santiago had agglutinins to pathogenic serovars. Despite contact with rats and ingestion of stagnant water, the serological evidence, the excellent clinical condition, low mortality, and high reproductive rates of the Cayo Santiago macaques indicate that leptospirosis is not a health problem in this free ranging monkey

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350140406

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPopulation densities of two species of night (or owl) monkeys (Aotus nancymaiandAotus vociferans) were estimated using transect census methods. Densities ofAotus nancymaiwere approximately 46.3 individuals/km2in lowland forests and 24.2 individuals/km2in highland forests. ForAotus vociferansdensities were 33.0 individuals/km2in lowland forests and 7.9 individuals/km2in highland forests.A. vociferansoccurs north of the Río Amazonas‐Marañon andA. nancymaisouth of it, except for the northern enclave between the Ríos Tigre and Pastaza. The two species are nowhere sympatric. However, the two known karyotypic forms ofA. vociferansoccupy the same habitats throughout the Peruvian range of the spe

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350140407

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350140408

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350140409

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350140410

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350140411

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY