摘要:

AbstractSixty‐four male and 33 female free‐ranging rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) from one of six social groups on the island of Cayo Santiago, Puerto Rico, were surveyed to establish normal values for the hemogram and serum biochemical and electrolytes for the colony. Mean values (± 1 SD) are reported by sex for each of three age groups (2–3, 4–9 and ≥ 10 years). All adult females (≥ 4 years) were pregnant. There were significant differences for a number of variables compared to the range reported in the existing literature, and among the age and sex groups in the sample

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350040202

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe describe the C‐bands in the karyotypes ofLagothrix lagothricha cana, Cebus apellaandCebus capucinus.The C‐banding patterns show both a high degree of polymorphism as well as the presence of terminal and interstitial C‐bands. Varying amounts of heterochromatin result in dimorphism of some chromosome pairs. The high incidence of chromosome rearrangements found in the Cebidae may be due to the presence of terminal and interstitial C

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350040203

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBlood was drawn throughout the first half of the pregnancies of 24 pig‐tailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) to evaluate longitudinal high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) changes. In all 15 normal pregnancies, HDL decreased at least 50%; the mean value for the group fell from 0.45 gm/liter to 0.17 gm/liter. HDL began to fall after about four weeks of pregnancy. However, no comparable HDL change occurred in nine pregnancies that terminated in spontaneous abortions. This lack of an HDL decrease was unexpected. Subsequent studies showed that the predominant decrease was in the HDL2subfraction. The data indicate that the normal physiologic metabolism or utilization of HDL is aberrant early in pregnancies ending in spontaneous abortions and may be due to a dysfunctional fetal‐placental

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350040204

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe social and sexual behaviors of four groups of males (4, 5, 9, and 10 years old) were compared throughout one complete mating season in a confined troop of Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata). The aim of this research was to document social behavior changes that occurred during adolescence and to relate them to changes in sexual behavior that occurred at puberty. The 4‐year‐old males all mounted females and ejaculated but they had significantly fewer ejaculations and female partners than did the older males. The 4‐year‐old males also showed a pattern of delayed development in tail carriage and courtship, and they played more frequently than the older males. There were no significant differences in the frequency of aggression among the groups, but both 4‐year‐old and 5‐year‐old males were displaced by adult males and females more frequently than were the older males. We concluded that the development of adult patterns of social behavior in this genus is not climactic, but occurs slowly one to two years after physiological puberty h

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350040205

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA nonhuman primate on a periodic ethanol dosing schedule should provide a model of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) most relevant to the majority of pregnant women who are “social drinkers” and can exercise reasonable control over their ethanol intake. In this pilot study, four pregnant pig‐tailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) received ethanol once a week from 40 days' gestation. Doses were 2.5 gm/kg for three moderate‐dose animals (MDAs) and 4.1 gm/kg for one high‐dose animal (HDA). Peak blood ethanol levels reached a mean of 240–256 mg/dl for the MDAs and averaged 379 mg/dl for the HDA. Peak acetaldehyde did not vary with dose. One MDA aborted after the first dose. The other three pregnancies were compared with eight to ten control pregnancies, and the infants' development over the first six months was compared with that of the control offspring. Nutritional status of the pregnant females was normal. The fetal heart rate response to maternal restraint was absent in the HDA. Gestational duration and simian Apgar scores were normal. All three infants were abnormally large, and two were also abnormally heavy, with body weight appropriate to skeletal size. Skeletal maturation, judged by ossification and tooth eruption, was not accelerated. The high‐dose infant (HDI) was scaphocephalic, with an underdeveloped cranial base and midface, and its brain was small and dysplastic; its reflex, motor, and cognitive development were retarded. One moderate‐dose infant (MDI) had some brain abnormalities; it was hyperkinetic and showed developmental retardation on several behavioral measures. The other MDI was normal. We conclude that the periodic model offers an effective means of investigating FAS inM. nemestrina. Furthermore, when nutrition is maintained, intermittent intake of ethanol by the pregnant primate does not necessarily reata

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350040206

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe black‐tailed marmoset (Callithrix argentata melanura) occurs in central‐western Brazil and adjacent parts of Bolivia, and is the only member of the genus (Callithrix) to occur naturally outside Brazil. Data presented in this paper extend the range of this marmoset at least 200 km to the southwest into yet another country, Parag

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350040207

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe G‐ and Q‐bands and the location of the nucleolar organizer regions (NOR) in the chromosomes ofPresbytis obscurusand the Q‐ and C‐bands ofP. cristatus pyrrhusare described. Their chromosomes are compared to those ofMacaca mulattaand to other Cercopithecidae and Hylobatidae. The origin of the two different banding patterns of pair no. 1 in our specimen ofP. cristatus pyrrhusis di

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350040208

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwo ovariectomized female rhesus monkeys treated year‐round with estradiol‐filled capsules were used in hour‐long behavioral tests with male rhesus monkeys both in and out of the normal breeding season. The study was designed primarily to test male hormonal responses to copulatory behavior and it was expected that behavior of the females would be essentially the same under both seasonal conditions. Several behaviors of the female, however, were found to fluctuate on a seasonal basis, namely (1) proximity to the male, (2) grooming of the male, (3) sexual presentations, and (4) threatening away (a form of sexual invitation). All of these behaviors, except proximity, were found to be positively correlated with the male partner's testosterone levels before and after the behavior test in the only test condition in which most males ejaculated. The preliminary suggestion is made that these females responded to some cue, either from the environment or from the males, that caused a change in their behavior between breeding and nonbreeding seasons despite the constant hormonal environment provided by the estradiol capsules. Since the same behaviors which were sensitive to seasonal effects were positively correlated with male testosterone levels, it is possible that the male's hormonal status affects affects female beh

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350040209

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDuring the 1970s variations in the number of citations published in CURRENT PRIMATE REFERENCES seemed to parallel changes in the fortunes of primate research in the United States. In 1981 and 1982, however, the trends diverged, with the number of citations increasing 25% over the two years. In an effort to identify more specifically some factors underlying the trend in literature growth, citations of journal articles appearing in 1971, 1976, and 1981 issues were tabulated according to the general subject indicated by the title and the site of research indicated by the author's address. The number of journal articles was 20% larger in 1981 than in 1971. The United States was the largest contributor in all three years, but its relative contribution declined. Continental Western Europe ranked second consistently, and its contribution grew at an above‐average rate. Japan ranked fifth in 1971 and third in 1981. India contributed less than 2% of the literature in 1971 and more than 3% in 1981, as a result of a doubling of its contribution. The subject composition of the literature did not change greatl

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350040210

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350040211

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY