摘要:

AbstractInfant care behavior was examined for 35 litters of 23 different groups of captive cotton‐top tamarins. The behavior of mothers and fathers was compared to determine the effects of infant number and helper presence on each parent and to determine whether parents differed in responsiveness to infants. For young infants (1–4 weeks), the contribution of fathers to infant carrying was negatively correlated with helpers' contribution; as helpers carried more, fathers carried less. In contrast, the mothers' contribution to infant carrying was unaffected by helper contribution. Mothers carried older infants (5–8 weeks) less than did fathers, regardless of infant number or helper contribution. Fathers and mothers were equally likely to retrieve a non‐harassed infant; however, fathers were more likely than mothers to retrieve an infant being harassed. These results suggest that fathers are more responsive to infants than are mothers. Mothers may limit their involvement in infant care, as has been proposed by field results, due to an energetically demanding reproductive s

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350220202

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe considerable diversity of locomotor behavior within the suborder Prosimii largely is due to differences in locomotion between families. Within families, locomotion is relatively homogeneous, although some species, such asOtolemur crassicaudatusamong the galagids andHapalemur simusandLepilemurspp. among the lemurids, differ from other species in their family. This paper describes the locomotion of a captive colony of red‐bellied lemurs,Eulemur rubriventer(following the classification of Simons and Rumpler [1988] who place all species ofLemurother thanLemur cattain the genusEulemur), another species whose movements differ markedly from other members of its family, the Lemuridae. Features that distinguish the locomotion ofE. rubriventerfrom other lemurids are the high frequency of leaping, low frequency of climbing and suspension, and the use of head‐downward vertical climbing in this species. Leaping is the most common form of locomotion inE. rubriventer. Horizontal, rather than vertical supports, are preferred during leaping. Although the frequency of climbing in this study is relatively low, the large brachioradialis flange, robust hallux, and claw‐like nails ofE. rubriventersuggest that clinging and climbing on large diameter vertical supports (lacking in the enclosures used in this study) may be an important component of locomotion in wildE. rubriventerand may reflect a gummivorous or insectivorous dietary adaptation. While the locomotion ofE. rubriventerdiffers from all prosimians yet studied, the general pattern of locomotor behavior seen in this species is most similar to other species of the family Lemu

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350220203

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFourteen electrophoretically variable and 12 monomorphic erythrocytic and serum proteins were used to determine the genetic relationships among Bolivian squirrel monkeys (Saimiri boliviensis boliviensis), Peruvian squirrel monkeys (Saimiri boliviensis peruviensis), and Guyanese squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus sciureus). The results supported the classification scheme of Hershkovitz (AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY7:155–210, 1984), which is used above. A profile of marker phenotypes can unambiguously discriminate between the two species examined, and can discriminate mostS. b. boliviensisfrom mostS. b. peruviensis. All three groups can be distinguished unambiguously by the location of the centromeres (acrocentric or submetacentric) on chromosomes 15 and 16; however, the biochemical genetic markers provide a powerful means of detecting admixture that might not be detected cytogenetically in instances where hybridization occurred earlier than the preceding generation. The use of this panel of biochemical genetic markers, combined with karyotypic analysis, can ensure a high degree of certainty that animals selected for experimental protocols are uniform with respect to unique physiological characteristics of each species and subspecies. They also can ensure that animals selected to be members of breeding colonies are of a single species/subspecies type and reproductively compatibl

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350220204

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPaired urine and serum samples from four conceptive and six nonconceptive ovarian cycles of seven adultMacaca mullattawere analyzed by radioimmunoassay (RIA) for circulating estradiol (E2) and progesterone (Po), and urinary estrone conjugates (E1C) and immunoreactive preganediol‐3‐glucuronide (iPDG) using enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Nonconceptive cycles exhibited a fivefold increase in urinary E1C and serum E2levels from follicular phase levels to the preovulatory peak. Linear correlation between urinary E1C and serum E2nonconceptive cycle hormone levels was significant (P<0.01, r = 0.69). Luteal phase levels of iPDG and serum Po levels were approximately parallel in nonconceptive cycles. Similarly, conceptive cycle urinary E1C levels and serum E2measurements had a correlation coefficient that was significant (P<0.01, r = 0.45). Nonconceptive and conceptive cycle iPDG and Po levels were significantly correlated (P= 0.05, r = 0.63, andP<0.01, r = 0.66, respectively). These data demonstrate that EIA measurements of ovarian hormones in daily urine samples can be used to accurately monitor ovarian function and early pregnancy inMacaca mula

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350220205

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe premises and promises of primatology stem from its focus on a unique biological group whose members are related by evolutionary descent, and from its commitment to discover all there is to know about these animals. The essential multidisciplinary character of primatology is implicit in this commitment. Evolutionary theory provides the field of primatology with its reason for being and its intellecutal coherence, and is the basis for transforming a diversity of potentially disparate and autonomous disciplines into a mutually reinforcing array of interdependent components within a common enterprise. A powerful adjunct to evolutionary theory is the comparative perspective. The distinguishing characteristic of this perspective is its concern with similarities and differences among primate species at all levels of structure and function. It aims to establish shared traits, to distinguish between homologous processes and convergent effects, to identify trends and specializations, and to understand the historical antecedents of living species. Some of the problems that primatology faces can be traced to its multidisciplinary character. The vitality of primatology depends on the continuing infusion of new methods, new findings, and new ideas. This requires an active process of interdisciplinary communication and mutual education. It is also essential to promote basic research on all aspects of primate biology and to affirm the singular importance of the nonhuman primates as a resource for understanding the natural world and the principles that govern its workings. Conservation is the most formidable and intractable problem confronted by modern primatology. Primate conservation is part of the larger problem of preserving biological diversity in the face of accelerating destruction of natural ecosystems. Primatology has made important contributions to conservation and will continue to do so. The scope and complexity of the problem, however, require the cooperative efforts of many different interest groups.

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350220206

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350220207

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350220208

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350220201

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY