摘要:

AbstractThe nine allopatric species ofAotusrecognized represent two natural groups distinguished by karyotype, color, and pelage patterns. Correlated with these group characters are reported differences in serum proteins and degrees of susceptibility or immunity to experimental infection with malarial parasites. The primitive gray‐neck species group ofAotuscontains A.brumbacki(new species), A.lemurinus(with subspecieslemurinusandgriseimembra), A.trivirgatus, and A.vociferans. The derived red‐neck group contains A.nancymai(new species), A.miconax. A.infulatus, and A.azarae(with subspeciesazaraeandboliviensis). Only the two new species are described but a key to the species and subspecies gives the diagnostic characters of each. The gray‐neck group occurs almost entirely north of the Amazon, the red‐neck group almost entirely south. The distributional exceptions are enclave populations resulting from river bend cutoffs. Formation of an enclave population of A.nancymaiis discussed and available information on the biology of this species is r

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350040302

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractGreat karyotypic diversity exists within the platyrrhine genusAotus. Primarily by comparing banded karyograms of different forms ofAotus, the pattern of karyotypic evolution can be assessed. Out‐group comparisons are used to establish primitive and derived states of particular chromosomes, and a parsimonious cladogram is constructed. Other karyotypic changes are then positioned at appropriate nodes of the cladogram. The resulting phylogenetic hypothesis is entirely self‐consistent, is in accord with out‐group comparisons, does not invoke hybridization between ancestral forms, and, importantly, indicates a single origin for each rearrangement of euchromatic segments. Moreover, it is consistent with the hypothesis, derived from pelage studies, that the more southerlyAotustaxa constitute a holophyletic group. The reconstructed ancestral karyotype had a diploid number of 54. There has been little loss of euchromatic material duringAotusevol

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350040303

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPersonality ratings of ten adolescent pig‐tailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) were carried out by three experienced observers who used a simple three‐point rating system. A modification of Stevenson‐Hinde&Zunz's [1978] procedure, the agreement between raters on each of 21 traits was evaluated. When correlated with social rank, it was shown that dominant animals were rated as being, for example, confident, effective, and opportunistic. Subordinant monkeys were rated as insecure and dependent. Rank correlated negatively, however, with observers' impressions of popularity. Subjects who had undergone a brief maternal separation were rated as less sociable than their nonseparated counterparts. Furthermore, rank‐related traits corresponded well with the three personality components that were derived by Stevenson‐Hind&Zunz [1978]; this suggested that clusters of traits reliably accompanied and/or contributed to the attainment of so

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350040304

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPoint or instantaneous sampling refers to the scoring of presence or absence of behavior at the end of equally spaced intervals of time and is used to estimate prevalence. The literature cited demonstrates that point sampling does not adequately estimate frequency or mean bout duration. A parametric model is developed based on exponentially distributed times of behavior and intervening nonbehavior, thus enabling estimators of mean bout length and incidence. Variance estimators are provided and a method is suggested for designing sample situations which control the variance of the prevalence estimator. The paper concludes the theoretical investigation with a thorough Monte Carlo investigation and application to a “real‐life” problem. The point sample estimators compare favorably with continuous observation under appropriate choice of sampling interval and under approximately exponential assump

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350040305

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA scoring system has been developed for primate behavior which uses standard keyboards and minicomputers or microcomputers. The mnemonic, alphanumeric code used is easily learned, highly flexible, and can be recorded in longhand for later entry into a computer if a keyboard is not immediately available. The software consists of two programs, both of which can be written in BASIC. SCORE is used for data acquisition and appends the test time to each behavioral sequence. DATSUM decodes and summarizes the test data using table‐driven logic. The minimum hardware required is a 16K microcomputer, an alphanumeric keyboard, a display, and cassette storag

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350040306

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350040307

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350040308

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350040301

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY