摘要:

AbstractCaptive bonnet macaques housed at the California Primate Research Center reproduce seasonally. The chances of producing surviving infants were substantially reduced among females who conceived at the peak of the mating season compared with females whose conceptions were more isolated in time. Primiparous females and low ranking females were most consistently affected by the extent of reproductive synchrony. Behavioral data suggest that harassment of conceiving and pregnant females may have contributed to the correlation between the extent of reproductive synchrony and infant mortality as the levels of aggression toward females were highest during the months in which conceptions were most common.

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350190302

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractVariation in birth sex ratios in primates can be accounted for by two hypotheses: the local resource competition hypothesis [Silk: American Naturalist 121:56–66, 1983] and the hypothesis of Trivers&Willard [Science 179:90–92, 1973] concerning the maternal effect on the quality of a male. We examined the effects of female dominance rank on aspects of reproduction in three well‐established captive groups of long‐tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis). High‐ranking females produced a higher proportion of sons than low‐ranking females, and factors other than rank did not have significant effects on birth sex ratios. Interbirth intervals following daughters were longer than those following sons, but they were independent of the mother's rank. The sons of high‐ranking mothers had better survival prospects than sons of low‐ranking mothers in some of the groups; no such difference was found for daughters. Overall, there was no sex difference in survival up to 5 years of age. These results support the Trivers‐Willard hypothesis rather than the local resource competition hypothesis. An analysis of interbirth intervals suggested that the deviation in birth sex ratio is already establis

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350190303

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPrevious study of captive pigtail monkeys (Macaca nemestrina) revealed that victims of an attack by a group member employed one of four acoustically different recruitment calls (Gouzoules&Gouzoules:Animal Behaviour37:383–401, 1989). The calls appear to provide allies with information pertinent to decisions about fight intervention. Each call was associated with an agonistic context distinguished by the relative rank of the opponent and the severity of the attack. Monkeys younger than 3 years of age were significantly less likely to use a contextually appropriate call than were older animals and their calls tended to be acoustically less like the prototype for a given context. Analyses reported on here revealed that, among juveniles, females were more proficient than males in both the proper contextual use and the production of these calls. These findings suggest parallels with human sex differences in the development of communicative competence. The evolutionary origins for these sex differences in macaque vocal development may be based in the different life history patterns males and females exhibi

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350190304

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDetermination of squirrel monkey prolactin by immunoassay has been hampered by the lack of antiserum specific to prolactin from this species. As an alternate method, we have investigated whether the Nb2 lymphoma bioassay could be adapted for routine measurement of the lactogenic activity of samples of squirrel monkey serum. The growth of the Nb2 cells is absolutely dependent on the presence of lactogens in the culture medium. The cells were maintained in Fisher's medium supplemented with 10% horse serum, 10% fetal calf serum (FCS), and 10−4M β‐mercaptoethanol. For each assay, the cells were plated at an initial density of 1 × 105cells/ml in 22‐mm 12‐well dishes in the above medium, but devoid of FCS. Serum samples were heated to 56°C for 20 minutes to abolish the unusually high cytolytic complement activity of squirrel monkey serum and were incubated for 72 hours with Nb2 cells at serial dilutions from 1/40 to 1/2,560. Growth curves were generated with pooled samples of squirrel monkey serum, and the level of lactogenic activity was estimated using a calibration growth curve generated with known concentrations of purified rhesus monkey prolactin standard. We have found that the Nb2 lymphoma bioassay provides a sensitive and adaptable means for determination of lactogenic activity in the serum of the squir

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350190305

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSix cases of labor and delivery by laboratory‐housed patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas) are described. Five of the births occurred during the daytime, and the sixth occurred just after the usual “lights out” time. Although it was impossible to determine the actual onset of labor, the final 1.5–0.5 hr before parturition were observed in all cases. Throughout labor, females tended to begin a contraction every 2–4 min and contractions usually lasted 35–60 sec. Females did not show common patterns of change in contraction frequency or duration as birth neared. It was not possible to describe patas monkey labor and delivery in terms of “stages.” Postpartum, females typically began cleaning their infants within 90 sec and picked them up within 5 min. Placental delivery times varied among females, as did the extent of placental consumption. One “mother‐only” ‐ reared female proved to

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350190306

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350190307

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350190308

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350190309

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350190310

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350190301

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY