摘要:

AbstractFrom field data collected in the Amazon Basin of northeastern Peru, I present evidence that moustached (Saguinus mystax) and saddle‐back (Saguinus fuscicollis) tamarins maintain detailed knowledge of the distribution and location of many tree species in their home range. During the wet season months of October through December 1984, fruits and exudates from 20 tree species and over 150 individual trees accounted for 75% of plant feeding time. These trees exhibited a patchy distribution; mean nearest‐neighbor distances between trees of the same species averaged 148 meters. Moustached and saddle‐back tamarins visited an average of 13 trees per day, concentrating their feeding efforts on 4–11 individual trees from a small number of target species. In 70% of all cases the nearest tree of a given species was selected as the next feeding site. Movement between these sites was characterized by relatively straight‐line travel. It is argued thatS. mystaxandS. fuscicollisoffset the patchiness component of the fruit and exudate part of their diet through goal‐directed foraging and an ability to compare accurately the distances and directions from their present location to a large number of potential fe

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350190403

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractInformation is presented about mother‐infant interactions and infant development in a rarely studied prosimian primate, the slow loris (Nycticebus coucang). Four dyads were observed, by means of closed circuit TV, in a semi‐natural environment for 1 hour per day three times a week. Infants were inactive for the first 6–8 weeks. Although mothers carried infants, they also left them alone for substantial periods of time after the 1st week. Over the 20‐week study period, there was a significant decline in ventral contact but not in sitting within 12 inches or engaging in active social interactions. By the end of the study, infants were not yet fully independent. Three of the 4 were primarily responsible for maintaining physical closeness to the mother; they made most of the approaches and mothers made most of the departures. However, only 2 of the 4 infants had assumed responsibility for the initiation and maintenance of social interactions with the mother. By comparison with other nocturnal prosimians of similar size, the rate of development is relatively slow. Unlike many anthropoids, mothers were not strongly protective or rejecting. They did not bring infants back to a fixed location or try to prevent infants from leaving them; and the decline in ventral contact was not accompanied by fights between the pair. The 3 group‐living mothers were more protective than the single individually housed mother, and it would seem advisable to isolate mother‐infant pairs in laboratory breedi

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350190404

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate several factors that influence female reproduction in a large troop of wild olive baboons (Papio cynocephalus anubis) based on 4 consecutive years of demographic data. Interbirth intervals were significantly shorter for females whose infants died before their next conception than for females whose infants survived. High‐ranking mothers of surviving infants had significantly shorter birth intervals than comparable low‐ranking mothers, independent of maternal age. This occurred mainly because the interval from resumption of cycling to conception was significantly shorter for high‐vs. low‐ranking females. Dominance rank did not influence sex ratio at birth, infant survival in the first 2 years, or adult female mortality. Age was also significantly related to interbirth intervals, with older females having shorter intervals. Primiparous females had consistently longer reproductive intervals than did multiparous females, but this difference reached statistical significance only for females whose infants died before the next conception. Primiparous females also experienced significantly higher infant mortality. Data on body size and estrous cycle length indicated no differences between high‐ and low‐ranking females. Nutritional and stress‐related mechanisms that may underlie the reproductive advantages of high rank

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350190405

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe Hainan gibbon continues to survive in Bawanglin Nature Reserve in four social groups totalling 21 individuals. Twelve births have occurred since 1982, and 11 of these individuals survive in 1989. Only three of these 12 births have been females, however. The total female population consists of 6 adult females, two of which are at least 19 years old, and three juvenile females born since 1985. Two of the four social groups have only one adult female each and no juvenile females. All four groups are well protected, but their survival is precarious.

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350190406

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe lengths and weights of male and female Chinese‐Indian hybrid rhesus macaques were compared with those of age‐ and sex‐matched non‐hybrid (Indian) controls to assess the occurrence of heterosis (hybrid vigor). Hybrid males and females had higher average, age‐adjusted values of weight than nonhybrids. Hybrid males, but not females, also had a higher average, age‐adjusted length than nonhybrids. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that regional crossbreeding of rhesus monkeys foster

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350190407

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350190408

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350190409

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350190402

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY