摘要:

AbstractThis paper presents comprehensive baseline data on body size and proportion of 661 (315 male, 346 female) free‐ranging Cayo Santiago rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) ranging in age from 24 hours to 25 years. All animals were born and raised in the free‐ranging colony on Cayo Santiago, and exact ages were known for all. Tabular data from this cross‐sectional study are provided to enable comparisons with data from laboratory, wild, and other captive populations of rhesus monkeys, as well as with other species. Despite the extensive literature on rhesus monkey behavior and biology, to date published accounts of its morphometrics have been limited to only a few measurements from animals of unknown age, small sample sizes, or caged colonies. Results of this study showed a distinct intraspecific pattern for body proportions throughout the life cycle. Relative linear increases in overall body proportions of maturing animals appeared to be from greatest to least in the trunk, hindlimb, and forelimb, respectively. Within the limbs, allometric scaling appeared to be fastest in the proximal segment and slowest in the distal segment. Males and females differed in the duration of growth, and gender dimorphism was associated primarily with differences in size rather than proportion. Although the primary purpose of this paper is to present numerical data on the Cayo Santiago colony, the results are compared with previous studies of both laboratory and free‐ranging rhesus

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350190102

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRecent studies on the effects of caging on joint mobility and the correlations between joint mobility and use of the extremities have pointed out the need for baseline values that are readily available in the literature. This report provides normative data on the passive mobility of the major joints of free‐ranging Cayo Santiago rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). The sample in this cross‐sectional study is large (661 animals including 315 males, 346 females), and it spans the entire age spectrum (24 hours to 25 years) of the population. Included are data on motion in the sagittal plane at six joints: shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, knee, and ankle. Results indicated that passive joint mobility changes in a nonlinear fashion throughout the life cycle. The apparent rapid decline in mobility from birth through puberty parallels rapid changes in body size and proportions in young animals. Joint mobility is relatively stable in prime‐age adults, whereas it is generally more restricted in older monkeys. Both genders follow a similar pattern, but timing differs somewhat. Although the primary purpose of this paper is to present numerical data on the Cayo Santiago population, the results are compared with previous, more limited studies of both captive and free‐ranging rhesus m

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350190103

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPalmar and plantar dermatoglyphic pattern types, area and total pattern intensities (API and TPI), and pattern intensity (PI) profiles are presented for the South American genusCacajaoof the subfamily Pitheciinae. The data are based on prints from 41 bald‐head uacaries (C. calvus), 9 white bald‐head uacaries (C. c. calvus), and 15 black‐head uacaries (C. melanocephalus). In each extremity, loops of differing orientation were the most frequent pattern type; whorls were dominant at palmar interdigital (I) area 3 inC. calvusand at both I3 and I4 inC. melanocephalus. Open fields characterized the palmar thenar and plantar proximal hypothenar, thenar, calcar, and I3 and I4. There was little evidence of significant sexual dimorphism as assessed from PI values. The genus displayed significant asymmetry at palmar I3 (P⩽0.001) and plantar distal hypothenar (P⩽0.004). There were significant group differences betweenC. calvusandC. c. calvusin the palmar thenar API and plantar TPIs. The combined bald‐head sample ofC. calvusandC. c. calvusdiffered fromC. melanocephalusin API of palmar I4 and plantar distal thenar, I2, and distal hypothenar (marginally), and in plantar TPIs. In PI profiles,C. melanocephalusdeparted from the pattern shared byC. calvusandC. c. calvusin both palmar and plantar interdigital areas. As a genus, the uacaries have markedly low plantar TPI values relative to palmar values (palm‐sole index>195). Of eight comparison cebid genera, onlyChiropotes, another pitheciine genus, approximated

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350190104

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAfter an agonistic conflict between two animals, they may exchange affiliative social contacts. The function of this reconciliation behavior is thought to be the repair of the social relationship between the two opponents. We examined the hypothesis that reconciliation is socially effective because it may also lead to a reduction of the victim's acute stress. Reconciliation was studied in a well‐established captive group of long‐tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis). The behavior of the victim in a 10 min period after the end of an agonistic interaction was recorded and compared with that of a control observation made on the same animal the next day. The tendency to reconcile was elevated above control levels only during the first 3 min. Reconciliation led to a fast reduction in scratching rates and to a decrease of the reoccurrence of aggression received. Losers took the initiative to reconcile more than expected. Dominants granted reconciliation depending on their relatedness with the victims and on the quality of the relationship with them. After those interactions in which contra‐aggression and no clear submission occurred, the reconciliation rate was remarkably high. These results suggest that reconciliation can be an effective means to reduce the victim's acute stress and that its function in repairing social relationships can partly be mediated by its physiological effects. The intimate relation between the quality of the social relationship and the conciliatory tendency can be extrapolated to explain interspecific vari

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350190105

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPredation attempts by cooperatively hunting jackals (Canis aureus) on capped langurs (Presbytis pileata) in moist deciduous forest in north‐central Bangladesh are described. The incidents were observed during a 15‐m field study of the ecology and behavior of capped langurs. Two attacks on langurs were made cooperatively by, in one instance, a pair and in a second instance a small pack of jackals. One of these attacks was successful. AlthoughP. pileatais a highly arboreal species, both attacks took place in rare instances of ground travel by the lang

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350190106

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEarly, anecdotal reports of patas monkey (Erythrocebus patas) sexual behavior suggested that these primates were series‐mount copulators. In 1975, limited evidence was presented in favor of single‐mount copulations as the species‐typical pattern for patas. The situation remained confused, however, as indicated by statements in a recent review article. This paper adds to our knowledge of patas sexuality by presenting quantitative data on the copulatory behavior of two additional adult males. Both males usually gave pelvic thrusts to intravaginal ejaculation once they had mounted a female and gained intromission. Mounts without ejaculation were clearly failed attempts at copulation, rather than segments of a stereotyped series‐mount pattern. All of the available quantitative data indicate that the species‐typical mating pattern for patas monkeys is copulation in a sin

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350190107

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350190108

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350190109

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350190101

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY