摘要:

AbstractTwo groups of squirrel monkeys, genusSaimiri, are distinguished by external characters. The first, or Roman type, containsSaimiri boliviensisof upper Amazonia south of the Rio Marañón‐Amazonas, with two subspecies of whichS. boliviensis peruviensisis described as new. The second group, or Gothic type, contains three species:Saimiri sciureuswith four subspecies distributed over much of tropical South America,Saimiri ustusof Brazil between the south bank Amazonian Rios Purús and Xingu, andS. oerstediisolated on a Pacific coastal area straddling Costa Rica and Panamá. The geographic range ofS. sciureusoverlaps parts of those ofS. ustusandS. boliviensis. Incomplete karyotypic data indicate that the diploid number of chromosomes for the genus is 44. Geographic variation is characterized by reduction from seven to six or five paired acrocentric autosomes through pericentric inversion with reciprocal increase in number of paired submetacentric or subtelocentric autosomes. Geographic distribution, behavior, sexual dimorphism including dichromatism, and hybridization are discussed. Ventral guide hairs for orientation of subprecocial newborn toward the maternal mammae are described. Distinguishing characters of species and subspecies are provided in a key. The taxons are listed with the taxonomy of each discussed, their geographic distribution plotted and m

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350060402

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA census was made of gorilla and chimpanzee populations throughout Gabon between December 1980 and February 1983. The aim of the census was to estimate the total numbers of both species and describe their distributions. The method was based on nest counts from line transects which allowed the calculation of population densities of all individuals except suckling infants. Fifteen types of habitat were recognized and defined in terms of their structural features. In the initial phase of the study we did transects in each habitat‐type and computed mean densities for each species in each habitat‐type. In the second phase of the study we estimated the sizes of gorilla and chimpanzee populations throughout the country by extrapolation from these population density values. We did transects in all areas of the country and conducted interviews to check the accuracy of the population totals obtained by extrapolation. Corrections were made to the extrapolated totals to take into account different levels of hunting pressure and other human activities found to modify ape population densities. Total populations of 34,764 gorillas and 64,173 chimpanzees were estimated. An error of ± 20% was associated with the estimated population totals, which allows the conclusion that Gabon contains 35,000 ± 7,000 gorillas and 64,000 ± 13,000 chimpanzees. The figure for gorillas is much larger than previous estimates. This seems to be because (1) gorillas occur in almost all types of forest and are not restricted to man‐made secondary forest as had been though; and (2) the geographical distribution of gorillas in Gabon is wider than previously believed. Gabon's large areas of undisturbed primary forest offer exceptional potential for conservation, not only of gorillas and chimpanzees, but also of the intact tropical rain forest ecosystems which they

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350060403

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFetal development was examined at days 60, 75, 90, 105, 120, or 135 of gestation in 19 thick‐tailed bushbaby fetuses (Galago crassicaudatus panganiensis) from 17 normal, timed pregnancies. With the exception of day 135, all fetuses were collected by hysterotomy (gestation = 133 ± 2 days). Various weights and measurements were taken. Although fetal sizes varied widely, crown‐rump, crown‐heel, upper and lower arm and leg lengths, hand and foot lenghts, and fetal organ weights correlated well with fetal age. Key changes in gross brain morphology and skeletal ossification of cranium, pelvis, tarsals, carpals, and epiphyses were noted. Sternabrae ossification proved highly variable, while ossification in the otic capsule and associated ear structures correlated well with age. These data provide a normal base for studies using fetal developmental parameters whether the purpose is to determine gestational age or to design future s

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350060404

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA population ofAlouatta carayain northern Argentina had an ecological density of 130 animals per km2. Mean troop size varied from 7.2 to 8.9 individuals, and the ratio of adult males to adult females from 0.58 to 0.51. Infants comprised from 6% to 14% of the population, juveniles from 16% to 21%. These percentages probably vary seasonally in response to a birth peak at the beginning of the dry season. Males were age‐graded in multi‐male troops. Sexual dimorphism was extreme in this species. Males were all black and averaged 6.7 kg; females were yellow‐brown and averaged 4.4 kg. Juvenile males retained the pelage color of the female until approximately 4.5 yr of age and 5 kg in weight. No genital mimicry or exaggeration occurred in this species. Vocalizations ofA. carayawere similar to those ofA. seniculus, both of which tend to be lower pitched than those ofA. pal

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350060405

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractInsects were recovered and identified from stomach contents of twoCallicebus torquatus lugensand oneLagothrix lagothricha lagothrichacollected in a remote area of northwestern Amazonia. BothC. torquatus lugensshowed little insect matter in stomach contents. Conversely, a minimum of 133 individual insects were recovered from stomach contents of theL. lagothricha lagothricha. These included various larger, rapid forms (Cicadellidae) unlikely to have been inadvertently consumed while the animal was eating fruit.

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350060406

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMale members of a group of captiveMacaca radiataat the California Primate Research Center held and carried infants as they approached or were approached by higher‐ranking males and as they were threatened by other males. Male infants between the ages of 25 and 84 weeks were involved in triadic interactions more frequently than were female infants of any age or male infants of other ages. That males were less likely to be harassed while huddling with or embracing infants suggested that infants provided an effective buffer against aggressio

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350060407

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe survival rate for offspring of mothers who either had or did not have previous experience rearing younger siblings was compared in two callitrichid species,Callithrix jacchusandSaguinus oedipus. Offspring of mothers with sibling‐rearing experience had a higher survival percentage than offspring of inexperienced mothers in both species. While 50–60% of offspring of inexperiencedC. jacchusmothers survived, no offspring of inexperiencedS. oedipusmothers survived. The results suggest that sibling‐rearing experience is necessary for adequate maternal behavior inS. oedipus, but not necessary to the development of maternal behavior inC. jacchus. Effects of previous sibling‐rearing experience ofS. oedipusfathers on offspring survival were also examined. Whether the father had rearing experience was not related to the survival of their of

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350060408

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350060409

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350060410

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350060411

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY