摘要:

AbstractA population of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) at the ancient site of Tughlaqabad on the southern outskirts of New Delhi, India, showed moderate growth throughout the 1960s and 1970s and very rapid growth in the last 4 years. Between July 1980 and July 1983, the population increased 79%, from two groups of 160 monkeys to five groups of 286 monkeys, an average annual increase of 21.4%. The natality of the population has been high, averaging 82.4% over three birth seasons. Mortality and disappearance rates, especially of juveniles and adults, have been remarkably low with total annual mortality averaging only 3.7% from 1980 to 1983. We believe the striking record of population growth in this population can be attributed to total protection, abundant food, good cover, a lack of predators, a generally improving habitat, and low disease. With the right combination of ecological and behavioral factors, rhesus populations can double in four years. The Tughlaqabad population provides important guidelines for the restoration and conservation of primate populations.

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350070402

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractData are presented here on the feeding ecology of wild mountain gorillas (Gorilla gorilla beringei) which were observed for approximately 2,400 hours over a 17‐month period in the Parc National des Volcans, Rwanda. Aspects of the relationship between the composition, diversity, and temporal consistency of the gorillas' diet and spatial and temporal variability in food distribution patterns are described. Mountain gorillas are folivores that show considerable specialization on plant parts, species and families. This pattern is facilitated by the general richness of their habitat. Their environment is heterogeneous, and spatial variability in food distribution is more pronounced than temporal variability. The gorillas rely almost completely on perennially available foliage of herbs and vines. Their diet varies little in association with seasonal factors but varies markedly in space in association with variability in the vegetational composition of the habitat. Individuals in the main study group shared basically similar patterns of food choice. Different groups also shared a similar general pattern, although there were differences in detail that apparently resulted largely from vegetational contrasts between home ranges. The gorillas' behavioral responses to environmental complexity lend general support to recent ideas concerning the evolution of their social syste

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350070403

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOvarian and placental steroid secretion was examined at intervals during early and mid‐pregnancy in the olive baboon,Papio anubis.Progesterone, androstenedione, testosterone, estrone, and estradiol‐17β were measured after celite chromatography in samples from peripheral circulation and from utero‐ovarian veins draining ovaries with and without corpora lutea at the following stages of pregnancy: days 8–9 (unconfirmed pregnant), 10–19, 34–40, 60–66, and 104–106 after ovulation. The pattern of hormone levels in peripheral and utero‐ovarian vein samples indicated the following: 1) The corpus luteum was the principal source of progesterone until at least day 19. Placental secretion was well advanced by days 34–40 and provided the major contribution to circulating progesterone levels by day 60.2) There was a significant elevation in peripheral concentrations of androstenedione and testosterone on days 10–19 and 34–40 of pregnancy; androgen levels in peripheral and utero‐ovarian vein samples declined to baseline values by day 60. 3) Estrogens were secreted by the corpus luteum on days 10–19 but not on days 34–40. Placental secretion of estradiol‐17β increased markedly after days 60–66, whereas little, if any, placental secretion of estrone was apparent at this time. These results provide circumstantial evidence that progesterone secretion by the corpus luteum of early pregnancy extends beyond the time when estrogen secretion has declined and that the timing of the luteo‐placental shift in the baboon is intermediate between that in rhesus monkeys and that in marmosets and humans. Increased secretion of androgens during the first 6 weeks of gestation may be useful in early pregnancy diagnosis in the baboon, although the physiological si

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350070404

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractResults from an intensive study of the sources of variance in a variety of chimpanzee behaviors are used to elucidate research design problems, and criteria for sample size selection are outlined. These results indicate that: (1) groups should be stratified (subdivided) only when the stratification factor is known to be strongly correlated with the behaviors of interest; (2) given a behavioral observation system with high reliability and well‐trained observers, little will be gained from assigning more than one observer to each observation; (3) taking multiple observations per subject per time period substantially strengthens a research design, so that even very small sample sizes can yield generalizable results; and (4) observations should be spread as uniformly over the time period as possible, particularly for behaviors which change over tim

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350070405

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCallithrix aurita, an endangered marmoset endemic to eastern Brazil, was observed from June to October 1982. Preliminary observations suggest that behavioral and morphological differences exist which distinguishC. auritafrom the common marmoset,C. jacchus.New data are provided on the geographic distribution ofC. aurita, extending it northward within the known ranges ofC. penicillatain the states of Sao Paulo and Minas Gerais andC. flavicepsin eastern Minas Gerais.

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350070406

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis report describes periodic oscillations in electroencephalographic (EEG) and behavioral activity with a cycle length of 15–30 seconds in chair‐restrained squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus). These oscillations consisted of alternating episodes of vigilance, characterized by visual scanning and motor movement, and inattentiveness, characterized by behavioral quiescence with little eye or limb movement. During vigilance the EEG exhibited low‐amplitude, high‐frequency (>16 Hz) activity. During quiescent periods, a high‐amplitude synchronized EEG was present with activity in the 8–16‐Hz band predominating. The presence or frequency of this EEG and behavioral periodicity was not modified by time of day, as no difference was found between morning and afternoon recording sessions. Although the factors or mechanisms responsible for this rhythm are unclear, it should be noted by those investigators studying the behavior or neurophysiology ofSaimiri sciureusin the labor

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350070407

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350070408

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350070409

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0275-2565    

DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350070401

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY